玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠原代培养T淋巴细胞细胞因子分泌的影响

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)对动物免疫功能的影响及其机理,试验以分离培养的原代小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞材料,研究了ZEA对T淋巴细胞细胞因子分泌的影响。以刀豆蛋白A(Con A,5 mg/L)作为T细胞活化特异性刺激剂,试验设空白对照组(不加Con A)、Con A组(5 mg/L Con A)、不同浓度的ZEA染毒组(Con A+ZEA 10、20和40μmol/L),处理48,72 h后,使用流式液相多重蛋白定量技术检测T细胞分泌IL-2、IL-3、IL-5、IL-6和GM-CSF等细胞因子的含量。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,Con A组细胞在48,72 h时间段5种细胞因子分泌均明显上升;与Con A组比较,染毒48,72 h后,10,20,40μmol/L ZEA染毒组各细胞因子分泌浓度均有极显著下降(P<0.01),并呈剂量-效应关系。结果表明,ZEA可以抑制T淋巴细胞细胞因子IL-2、IL-3、IL-5、IL-6和GM-CSF的分泌,从而影响机体正常免疫反应的进行,降低整体的免疫功能。     

The effects of the supplementation of multi‐strain probiotics on intestinal microbiota,metabolites and inflammation of young SPF chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

This study assessed the effect of probiotics on cecal microbiota, cecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the gene expression of cytokines in young specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) chickens infected with S. enterica subsp. enterica. One‐day‐old SPF chickens (n = 105) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: control (Cont) group, Salmonella‐infected (Sal) group, and a Salmonella‐infected group treated with multi‐strain probiotics (ProSal group). All chickens except those in the Cont group were challenged orally with 1 × 10⁸ cfu/ml of Salmonella 4 days after hatching. Chickens in the Sal group exhibited more abundance of Proteobacteria than those in the Cont and ProSal groups. At the genus level, chickens in ProSal group exhibited increased numbers of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira compared with those in the other groups. Chickens in the ProSal group exhibited a significant increase of cecal SCFAs compared with chickens in the Sal group. Chickens in the ProSal group exhibited increased gene expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐10 and TGF‐β4, and decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN‐γ, in the cecal tonsil compared with those in the Sal group. The results of this study indicated that the administration of probiotics can modulate microbiota, SCFAs, and immunomodulatory activity in SPF chickens.     

多花黑麦草农艺性状变异及产量通径分析

多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)作为我国南方种植面积最大的一年生禾本科牧草,在现代草牧业建设中发挥着重要作用。本研究以13份多花黑麦草栽培材料为研究对象,选取生长发育中关键的3个时期进行农艺性状的测定,以此探讨影响多花黑麦草产量的主要决定因子。结果表明,供试多花黑麦草材料形态性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数在4.37%~27.91%,其中单株鲜重与花序宽、节间数、分蘖数和株幅等极显著相关(P0.01),单株干重与自然高度、拉直高度、节间长、旗叶长、茎粗、倒二叶宽和旗叶宽等极显著相关。通过主成分分析、回归分析和通径分析表明,对单株鲜重直接影响最大的综合因子为"株型因子",具体由分蘖数、株幅等控制株型的形态性状指标表达;对单株干重的直接影响最大的综合因子为"叶形因子",具体表达为倒二叶长宽和旗叶长宽的不同。     

Effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling and TGF-β1 expression in rat pulmonary vessels

AIM: To observe the effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling and the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the rats, and to explore the mechanism.METHODS: SD rats(n=36) were randomly divided into control group, 2-week smoke exposure(S-2W) group and 12-week smoke exposure(S-12W) groups. HE staining and α-smooth muscle actin staining were performed to observe the pulmonary vascular remodeling.The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and TGF-β1 in the pulmonary arteries was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in the pulmonary arteries was evaluated by RT-qPCR.RESULTS: Compared with control group, ratio of pulmonary vessel wall thickness to vessel diameter(WT%) and percentage of muscularized vessels were significantly increased in S-2W group and S-12W group(P<0.01). Significant increases in the protein expression of PCNA and TGF-β1 in smoke exposure groups were observed compared with control group. There was significant difference between 2 model groups(P<0.01). Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in pulmonary artery walls obviously increased in smoke exposure groups. There was significantly difference between S-2W and S-12W groups(P<0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular muscularization, WT% and the protein expression of PCNA. CONCLUSION: Long-term cigarette smoke exposure results in pulmonary artery remodeling in rats. The possible mechanism is that cigarette smoking exposure induces the over-expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in pulmonary vessels and promotes the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in rats.     

草莓果实采后衰老过程中超微弱发光的变化及与活性氧的关系

以"红颜"草莓果实为试材,研究了草莓果实衰老过程中超微弱发光(ultraweak luminescence,UWL)和活性氧水平的变化及二者之间的关系。结果表明:在草莓果实采后衰老过程中,脂氧合酶(LOX)活性和H_2O_2含量先上升后下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量、O_2(-·)产生速率及相对电导率整体呈上升趋势;UWL强度整体呈下降趋势。UWL与LOX呈中等正相关,与MDA含量呈中等负相关,与O_2(-·)产生速率、相对电导率及H_2O_2含量无相关性。在草莓衰老过程中,活性氧水平整体上升积累,而UWL强度整体呈下降趋势,说明UWL强度并没有随着活性氧的积累而增强。     

乐果在茶叶中残留降解动态的研究

本文是介绍有机磷农药乐果及其主要代谢物氧乐果在茶树上的残留降解动态。根据实验结果,在自然条件下,乐果在茶树芽梢上的降解速度中等。喷施800倍和1600倍药液后,芽梢中的乐果含量10天后可降至<0.5ppm和<0.05ppm。干茶中的乐果含量5天后降至<1.0ppm以至0.7ppm,9天后降至<0.1ppm。在喷施乐果的茶树芽梢上可检出其氧化物一氧乐果。喷药后3—5天达最高值,以后渐降,6—9天后即降至相似文献   

金定鸭在小群保种方式下不同世代生长及生产性能的比较研究

本试验以国家水禽种质资源基因库引进的金定鸭为素材,在小群保种条件下,对3个世代保种群生长、生产性能进行比较,通过分析世代间的差异来检测保种效果。结果表明:3个世代保种群公鸭体重分别在育雏期末、育成期末存在显著差异。公鸭皮脂重、腿肌率在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭胸肌熟肉率分别在不同世代间存在显著差异,母鸭胸肌pH在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭腿肌干物质、熟肉率和pH分别在不同世代间存在显著差异,公鸭腿肌肉色在不同世代间存在显著差异。公、母鸭其他指标分别在不同世代间均无显著差异。上述结果表明金定鸭采用小群保种方法是可行的。     

线粒体凋亡途径在玉米赤霉烯酮致大鼠睾丸支持细胞凋亡中的作用

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenon,ZEA)雄性生殖毒性作用机理,研究ZEA诱导大鼠睾丸支持细胞(sertoli cell,SC)的凋亡途径,试验选取大鼠原代SC为研究材料,用不同浓度ZEA(0、5、10、20μmol/L)处理SC 24 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平;用Western blotting法检测Bax、Bcl-2等线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达;同时检测了20μmol/L ZEA联合Caspase-8抑制剂(Z-IETD-FMK)处理对SC凋亡率和线粒体凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,20μmol/L ZEA组细胞Bcl-2转录水平显著下降(P<0.05),Bax转录水平显著上升(P<0.05);10、20μmol/L ZEA组Bax/Bcl-2比值及Cyto-CytC、Cleaved Caspase-9、Cleaved Caspase-3表达量极显著上升(P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著下降(P<0.01);与ZEA组相比,ZEA与Z-IETD-FMK联合处理可使ZEA诱导的SC凋亡率极显著下降(P<0.01),tBid/Bid、Bax/Bcl-2、Cyto-CytC、Cleaved-Caspase3、Cleaved-Caspase9蛋白表达显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著上升(P<0.01)。综合试验结果,ZEA能够通过线粒体途径诱导大鼠SC发生凋亡。     

添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨添加不同酶制剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质的影响,以蜡熟期刈割的全株玉米为材料,设对照组和6个处理组,处理组分别添加5 g/kg纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶,每组3个重复,青贮56 d后对全株玉米青贮饲料的感官评定、发酵品质、营养成分进行比较分析。结果显示:纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮效果较好;与对照组相比,纤维素酶组、木聚糖酶组和β-葡聚糖酶组可显著提高青贮饲料碳水化合物(WSC)和乳酸的含量(P>0.05),同时使青贮氨态氮/总氮显著降低(P<0.05),青贮发酵品质较好;添加纤维素酶的全株玉米青贮中干物质(DM)含量高于对照组和其他处理组,添加纤维素酶和α-半乳糖苷酶处理的粗蛋白质(CP)含量较高;添加纤维素酶的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和β-葡聚糖酶组青贮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上表明:纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶更适于用作全株玉米青贮饲料的添加剂。     

抗菌肽NZ2114对奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜、基因组和耐药性的影响

本试验以真菌防御素Plectasin衍生肽NZ2114和奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌为研究对象,旨在阐明抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌机制及其阻遏金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的效果。通过16S rRNA基因鉴定对55份乳房炎奶样中的病原菌进行分离鉴定,采用纸片扩散法检测其耐药性,通过微量稀释法测定抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性,借助流式细胞术和扫描电镜观察抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜完整性及细胞形态的影响,通过凝胶阻滞和圆二色谱分析抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA的影响,将抗菌肽NZ2114与金黄色葡萄球菌共同孵育以研究抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的影响,通过PCR进一步分析抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌携带的耐药基因的影响。结果表明,共获得10株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离菌对青霉素等9种抗菌药具有耐药性,且50%为多重耐药。抗菌肽NZ2114对10株金黄色葡萄球菌具有强抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.5～1.0μg/mL。抗菌肽NZ2114可导致金黄色葡萄球菌S7细胞皱缩、细胞内容物泄漏,甚至细胞裂解,碘化丙啶(PI)细胞膜穿透率达5%,且抗菌肽NZ2114可与金黄色葡萄球菌S7基因组DNA结合并改变其DNA结构。金黄色葡萄球菌与1/4×MIC抗菌肽NZ2114孵育12 h后发现,除对阿莫西林和磺胺异噁唑的耐药率没有降低外,对其他抗菌药的耐药率均有不同程度的降低(10%～40%),且抗菌肽NZ2114对β-内酰胺类耐药基因(blaZ)及杆菌肽类耐药基因(braRS)的消除率分别达28.57%(2/7)和22.22%(2/9)。上述结果证明,抗菌肽NZ2114对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌具有体外强抑菌活性,其干扰耐药金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜并结合胞内DNA的作用机制为其低耐药杀菌机制奠定了细胞学基础。同时抗菌肽NZ2114对耐药菌株的耐药性及相关耐药基因均有一定消除作用。由此可见,抗菌肽NZ2114是一种极具前景的治疗金黄色葡萄球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎的抗生素替代品。