高温热处理木材工艺的初步研究

以我国杉木木材为试验材料,采用自制小型热处理木材试验装置进行了高温热处理木材工艺试验.结果表明,下述工艺切实可行:待处理木材的含水率应控制在15%以内;在温度升高与高温干燥阶段,迅速升温至100℃,再缓慢升温到130℃干燥到绝干,再迅速升温到热处理目标温度,目标温度一般应控制在180-220℃范围内;保温处理时间根据需要确定,一般为2～4h;在处理过程中应适当喷蒸.处理终了时,降温到80℃,调整含水率到4%～8%,出窑.热处理后的木材具有高尺寸稳定性,可广泛应用于室外建筑、室内装修.     

狭叶茶提取物对小鼠氧化应激性肝损伤的保护作用

研究狭叶茶(Camellia angustifolia Chang)提取物对拘束负荷诱发小鼠应激性肝损伤的保护作用。采用拘束负荷小鼠应激性肝损伤模型,18h拘束负荷诱发小鼠应激性肝损伤,分别用赖氏法测定小鼠血浆和肝组织丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)活性、硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、HPLC法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平、比色法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性,荧光酶标仪测定血浆、肝组织及狭叶茶提取物体外抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)。与拘束模型组相比,狭叶茶提取物可以明显提高拘束负荷小鼠血浆与肝组织匀浆的ALT活性和抗氧化能力指数,提高GSH水平,增强GPX和GST活性,有效降低肝组织中MDA含量和XOD活性,并在体外显示出较强的抗氧化能力。说明狭叶茶提取物对拘束应激引起的小鼠肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,其作用机制可能部分来自于减少拘束负荷小鼠氧化应激水平,清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化过程。     

芝麻新品种“吉芝2号”的选育与栽培技术

由吉林省农业科学院旱地农业研究开发中心选育而成的芝麻新品种吉芝2号具有优质、高产、早熟、适应性广等突出优点,2006年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。主要表现在：粗脂肪含量57.34%,粗蛋白质含量23.12%,籽粒纯白、皮薄、口味纯正;区域试验2年平均产量1167.42 kg/hm^2,较对照增产10.61%;抗枯萎病、茎点枯病、中抗叶斑病等三种主要芝麻病害;早熟性好、适应性广,适宜在旱地上播种栽培。     

三尖杉所属群落优势乔木树种种间关系

采用样方调查法,对组成大岗山三尖杉所属群落的乔木树种进行调查.通过计算重要值确定三尖杉所属群落优势乔木树种,在此基础上,研究优势树种的总体联结性、两树种间的联结性和种间协变.结果表明:三尖杉所属群落内的15个优势乔木树种总体间存在显著正关联;两树种间具有显著正联结的种对是细枝柃-梾木、红楠-杉木,呈显著负联结的种对是石栎-杉木;三尖杉与其他优势乔木树种的联结性均未达到显著程度,细枝柃-鹿角杜鹃、细枝柃-梾木、细枝柃-三尖杉、梾木-紫楠、红楠-杉木、红楠-拟赤杨等6个种对表现出明显的正协变,鹿角杜鹃-柃木种对表现出明显的负协变;种对正协变的存在是由于这些物种对环境资源的利用具有相似性所致.     

中国鲎幼鲎形态性状与体重的通径分析及异速生长研究

为了探究不同龄期中国鲎幼鲎生长特性,实验测定了2～4龄幼鲎头胸部长(X₁)、头胸部宽(X₂)、腹部长(X₃)、腹部宽(X₄)、剑尾长(X₅)、全长(X₆)和体重(Y)等参数,运用相关分析和通径分析方法,探讨形态性状对体重的作用效果。结果显示,2～4龄幼鲎体重相关系数最高的形态性状均为头胸部宽(X₂);通径分析发现,头胸部宽(X₂)对2龄和3龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大,腹部宽(X₄)对4龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大;各形态性状对体重决定程度分析与通径分析变化趋势一致。对2～4龄幼鲎头胸部宽和体重进行对数处理,获得异速生长方程回归系数(b)为2.746,表明此阶段幼鲎体重增长率大于头胸部宽增长率,处于正生长期。实验表明,不同龄期阶段中国鲎苗种筛选所依据的形态性状有所差异,中国鲎幼鲎阶段种质评价应考虑其异速生长规律,同时也为探究鲎的生长与性状、结构与生理之间的关系奠定基础。     

根结线虫拮抗放线菌菌株DA07118的筛选与鉴定及其发酵条件的优化

从海南东寨港红树林、尖峰岭等原始森林及黄流地区发病蕉园采集土壤样品,分离得到215株放线菌菌株。以根结线虫为靶标线虫对215株放线菌进行筛选,获得18株对根结线虫校正死亡率在80%以上的菌株。菌株DA07118抗线虫活性最强,校正死亡率达100%;经5次继代培养,仍具有稳定产生杀线虫活性物质的能力。通过形态学、生理生化反应和16S rDAN分类鉴定,将该菌株归类为链霉菌属Streptomyces。进一步的发酵条件优化试验,确定该菌株产活性物质的最佳培养基配方为（g/L）：麦芽糖10g、蔗糖25g、酵母膏20g、蛋白胨20g、K2HPO4 0.5g,初始pH7.0。发酵优化后,菌株发酵液的10倍稀释液处理后24h对根结线虫的校正击倒率从优化前的75.0%提高到93.7%。     

Transmission of the Chromosome 1 R in Winter Wheat Germplasm Aimengniu and Its Derivatives Revealed by Molecular Markers

In order to clarify the transmission of the rye chromosome 1R in winter wheat germplasm Aimengniu and its derivatives, 17 derivatives and 7 types of Aimengniu were examined through molecular-marker technology. The results showed that the chromosome arm 1RS of Neuzucht was transmitted to 5 of the 7 types of Aimengniu, i.e., Aimengniu Ⅱ and Aimengniu Ⅳ-Aimengniu VII, no segment of t RS was identified in Aimengniu Ⅰ or Aimengniu Ⅲ. As for the 17 derivatives, the 1RS chromosome arm of Aimengniu was transmitted to 11 derivatives, part segments of 1RS were found in 1 derivative, while no segment was found in the remaining 5 ones. The results provided the evidence that molecular-marker technology was an efficient approach and suitable for analysis of the transmission of chromosome 1R.     

Heterosis and Combining Ability for Major Yield Traits of a New Wheat Germplasm Shannong 0095 Derived from Thinopyrum intermedium

The wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ DR Dewey, shows many beneficial characteristics, such as big spikes and high resistance to many diseases. To transfer the beneficial genes of this species, many wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium alien chromosome lines were developed. Of them, Shannong 0095 （SN0095）, a disomic substitution, has long spikes and flag-leaves, and thus may be an important genetic resource for wheat yield improvement. In order to realize its heterosis and combining ability on major yield traits, a 7 ×7 complete diallel design was made according to Griffing＇s Method-1. The results showed that heterosis for spike length （SPL）, flag-leaf area （FLA）, number of spikes per plant （NSP）, number of spikelets per spike （NSL）, kernels per spike （KPS）, 1 000-kernel weight （TKW） and grain yield per plant （GYP） existed in all the crosses by SN0095, but heterobeltiosis occurred only for KPS, TKW, and GYP. The relative mid-parent heterosis （RMH） and relative high-parent heterosis （RHH） for GYP, which valued as high as 35.32 and 29.92% respectively, were the highest among all the traits mearsured. Though additive and non-additive gene effects and cytoplasmic effects （or cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction effects） were found in governing all the traits measured above, additive gene action played a predominant role. The results also showed that SN0095 was the best-general combiner for SPL and FLA, and high-general combiner for NSP amongst all the parents. Estimates of specific combining ability （SCA） showed that SN0095 could also make high-SCA combinations for GYP, such as SN0095 × Jimai 19 （JMI9）. SN0095 could be a unique and important parent in hybrid wheat breeding programs.