生长调节物质对楸树花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

采用离体花粉液体培养法研究4种植物生长调节物质对不同来源楸树花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。结果表明：较低浓度的赤霉素促进花粉萌发及花粉管生长,高浓度则表现为明显的抑制作用,最适浓度为300mg/L;吲哚乙酸和2,4-D对花粉的作用效果与楸树的种源有关,总体上均呈低浓度促进,高浓度抑制的规律;花粉萌发率均在吲哚乙酸为15mg/L时达到最大值,只有2个种源与对照间差异极显著,花粉萌发率在2,4-D为200mg/L时均达到最大值,超过最适浓度后,吲哚乙酸和2,4-D均对花粉萌发及花粉管生长表现为抑制作用;各个浓度的萘乙酸均抑制花粉萌发及花粉管生长,且抑制程度随浓度增加而加强。     

低温和超低温保存花粉对番茄坐果率和种子量的影响

为了研究不同处理下长期保存花粉对番茄坐果率和种子量的影响,本文以云南农业大学园林园艺学院选育的Ryau96172I和Ryau9327D两个番茄品系为试材,采用低温(4℃,处理I)及超低温(-196℃,处理II)条件保存花粉,以常温作为对照(CK),对不同处理的花粉人工授粉(60朵花)后的坐果率、种子总重量、平均单果种子重量、种子总数及单果种子平均数进行比较分析.结果显示:与对照相比,处理I和处理II人工授粉后对番茄的坐果率无显著差异;处理I人工授粉后番茄的种子总重量、平均单果种子重量、种子总数及单果种子平均数无明显差异,但处理II人工授粉后其相应指标显著偏低(P0.05).结果表明: 超低温处理下保存花粉对番茄的种子量有较大影响.     

番茄抗番茄斑萎病毒病育种研究进展

番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV）是危害番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）最重要的病原菌之一,在中国及世界范围内已成为限制番茄生产的重要因素。利用自然番茄抗病资源及抗病基因是控制TSWV的有效方法。秘鲁番茄（Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill.）和智利番茄（Lycopersicon chilense Mill.）等野生番茄是目前发现的抗TSWV的主要自然资源。其中,秘鲁番茄中的显性抗病质量基因位点Sw-5在TSWV抗病遗传育种中发挥重要作用。后续开发和培育了多种与Sw-5连锁的分子标记及含有Sw-5的抗病品种。除此之外,病毒RNA介导基因沉默技术在番茄TSWV抗病育种中也逐渐受到重视。由于目前陆续出现了打破Sw-5基因位点的TSWV分离种,因此今后的工作亟须发掘TSWV新的抗病资源和基因。     

Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain,China

In order to identify the optimum period of spring water-restrictive irrigation for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in the Haihe Plain, China and elucidate its effects on flag leaf senescence and yield formation, field experiments were conducted at the Xinji Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2016 to 2019 by using different irrigation regimes in spring, including the conventional regime involving two irrigation periods(control(CK), the 3-leaf unfolding stage and the anthesis stage) and a series of single, restrictive irrigation regimes(SRI) comprising irrigation at the 3-leaf unfolding stage(3 LI), 4 LI, 5 LI, and 6 LI. There are five major findings:(1) The senescence(determined by the green leaf area, GLA) in the 4 LI treatment occurred moderately earlier than that in CK, showed no significant difference with that in 5 LI and 6 LI, and occurred significantly later than that in 3 LI.(2) Compared with other SRI treatments, the GLA value and photosynthetic rate in 4 LI were 14.82 and 20.1% higher, respectively. Microstructural analysis of flag leaf also revealed that the mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were irregularly arranged under drought stress in 3 LI and 6 LI; however, drought stress had minimal negative effects on the microstructure in 4 LI and 5 LI.(3) Postponed irrigation in spring could significantly increase superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities in the early stage of grain filling; however, these activities would subsequently decrease. Among the four SRI treatments, the overall enzyme activities were the highest in 4 LI, and the combined malondialdehyde(MDA) content in flag leaves in 4 LI and 5 LI was 14.5% lower on average than that in 3 LI and 6 LI.(4) The soluble sugar(SS) and proline(Pro) contents in 4 LI were the highest among the four SRI treatments; however, they were lower than those in CK. The abscisic acid(ABA) hormone content in 4 LI and 5 LI was lower than that in 3 LI and 6 LI, respectively, suggesting a smaller drought stress effect in 4 LI and 5 LI.(5) In two growing seasons, there was a larger number of spikes per unit area in 4 LI(i.e., 13.4% higher than that in 5 LI and 6 LI) and the 1 000-grain weight in 4 LI was the highest among the four SRI treatments(i.e., 6.0% higher than that in the other three SRI treatments). Therefore, a single restrictive irrigation regime at the 4-leaf unfolding stage is recommended to be effective in slowing down the senescence process of flag leaves and achieving high yield.     

瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育

研究浙江瓯江鲫鱼胸鳍的波动性不对称、两性异形和生育力。雌雄两性的鳍长、鳍条数的不对称均属波动性不对称。雌雄两性的胸鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数之间相关关系不显著。雌性个体显著大于雄性个体,特定体长的雄性胸鳍长显著大于雌性,雄性的鳍条数显著大于雌性。鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数雌雄两性差异不显著,雌雄两性鳍条数对称个体的比例差异不显著。以体长和时间为控制变量,怀卵数量与鳍长和鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的负相关,与鳍长和鳍条数的相关不显著。以体长和发育时间为控制变量,平均卵重与鳍条数的不对称指数具有显著的正相关,与其他变量的相关不显著。分析表明,雄性较大的胸鳍可能与雄性的性选择有关,胸鳍的波动性不对称可能提供了一种发育历程的指示,间接影响雌性生育力。     

水产动物致病酵母菌研究进展

酵母菌是指以芽殖分裂或形成子囊孢子为主,细胞呈椭圆形的单细胞真核生物,广泛分布于自然界中,常被用于发酵行业.在水产养殖中常将有益酵母培养物作为饲料添加剂,而有些酵母菌为水产养殖动物致病性病原菌,严重威胁着水产养殖动物的产量和经济效益,如何防治致病性酵母菌已成为必须解决的关键问题.明确水产动物致病酵母菌的种类、宿主范围、...     

基于MapGIS和植被数量指标的啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统的设计与实现

选择鼠害频发的阿拉善荒漠区分布面积较大的红砂+泡泡刺生境、红砂+杂类草生境和白刺生境,以夹日法记录三种生境中啮齿动物种群相对数量,利用啮齿动物种群相对数量与荒漠区灌木和草本植物之间的依存关系建立专家模拟系统,分析三种生境的主要害鼠子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和小毛足鼠种群相对数量与植物群落因子间的动态关系,并以MapGIS为地理信息平台,借助VB程序语言设计工具,设计阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落模拟专家系统,探索植物群落与啮齿动物群落的反馈动态变化,实现利用植物群落指标预测啮齿动物群落组分及其相对数量变化的目标,为鼠害防控提供依据。     

松江鲈群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术对辽宁鸭绿江水域丹东段和河北秦皇岛渤海海域两个松江鲈Trachidemusfasciatus群体的遗传多样性进行分析研究.结果表明:用6对选择性引物,从两个群体的63个个体共扩增出360个位点,多态位点214个;松江鲈丹东和秦皇岛两群体的多态位点比率为50.28%、50.00%,平均杂合度和Shannon's指数分别为0.1690、0.1733和0.2534、0.2592,说明两个群体遗传多样性在同一水平上;Shannon's指数和AMOVA分析均显示松江鲈的遗传变异主要来自于群体内个体间,而群体间无明显的遗传分化;松江鲈UPGMA系统树没有依据群体分别聚类,未出现明显分支,无明显遗传差异;群体的显性基因型频率分布显示两个群体的遗传结构相似.     

三种土壤改良基质对农田栽培人参产量及质量的影响

目的通过配施发酵玉米秸秆粉、EM菌、硅藻土3种物质改良农田土壤栽培人参。方法通过正交实验设计,研究土壤改良剂对人参产量及质量的影响。结果3种物质施入后,3年生人参根长、根粗和根重分别提高0-28．85％、7．20％-60．58％和1．99％-86．54％;同时,存苗率提高0-15．36％、产量提高6．56％-67．21％,而发病率则降低3．77％-43．46％。此外,人参总皂苷含量提高3．18％-57．67％,主要单体皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1分别提高4．72％～66．92％、7．50％-33．75％、7．22％-72．01％。极差分析表明。3种改良基质对人参产量及质量响应顺序为：EM菌〉发酵玉米秸秆粉〉硅藻土。结论通过农田土壤改良,促进了人参根系的生长,提高了产量及有效成分含量,改善了人参品质。     

家蚕对BmNPV抗病性与中肠消化酶活性的关系

对6个现行家蚕品种中肠消化酶活性与家蚕对BmNPV病毒抗性比较与分析,以期寻找现行家蚕品种消化酶的活性与抗性的关系,为辅助家蚕育种及品种推广奠定基础.以DNS法测定不同品种海藻糖酶活性,以Fo-lion-酚法测定不同品种蛋白酶活性.以及以铜皂法测定脂肪酶活性,同时对不同品种家蚕4龄起蚕经口添加BmN-PV病毒进行抗性调查分析.结果表明,蛋白酶、脂肪酶酶活顺序为664×663较低,667×668相对较高,其他品种处于中间层次,对应抗性测定结果的相关分析表明,活性越强抗性越强,呈显著正相关关系;而海藻糖酶的活性与抗性的关系没有较好的相关性.因此,家蚕中肠消化液的蛋白酶、脂肪酶可能与家蚕对BmNPV病毒抗性有关.