Bats as the main prey of wintering long‐eared owl (Asio otus) in Beijing: Integrating biodiversity protection and urban management

The loss of biodiversity from urbanized areas is a major environmental problem challenging policy‐makers throughout the world. Solutions to this problem are urgently required in China. We carried out a case study of wintering long‐eared owls (Asio otus) and their main prey to illustrate the negative effects of urbanization combined with ineffective conservation of biodiversity in Beijing. Field monitoring of owl numbers at two roosting sites from 2004 to 2012 showed that the owl population had fallen rapidly in metropolitan Beijing. Analysis of pellet contents identified only seven individuals of two species of shrew. The majority of mammalian prey comprised four bat and seven rodent species, making up 29.3% and 29.5% of the prey items, respectively. Prey composition varied significantly among years at the two sample sites. At the urban site the consumption of bats and rodents declined gradually over time, while predation on birds increased. In contrast, at the suburban site the prey composition showed an overall decrease in the number of bats, a sharp increase and a subsequent decrease in bird prey, and the number of rodent prey fell to a low point. Rapid development of real estate and inadequate greenfield management in city parks resulted in negative effects on the bird and small mammal habitat of urban areas in Beijing. We suggest that measures to conserve biodiversity should be integrated into future urban planning to maintain China's rich biodiversity while also achieving sustainable economic development.     

韩国土壤中苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的分离和鉴定

从韩国不同地区采集的６２０个土壤样品中分离出６７株苏云金芽孢杆菌,分属于１０种不同的血清型,毒力测定结果表明,在６７株分离株中,３５．８２％的菌株对鳞翅目昆虫具有生物活性,２２．３９％的菌株对双翅目昆虫有毒,３２．８４％的菌株对鳞翅目和双翅目昆虫都具有杀虫活性,８．９５％的菌株为没有杀虫活性的无毒菌株,其中对鳞翅目昆虫有毒的菌株产生典型双金字塔形伴孢晶体对双翅目昆虫有毒的菌株和无毒菌株都产生球形伴     

急性持续热应激对肉鸡免疫系统的影响

养殖环境等各种应激使机体的免疫应答能力降低是引发疾病的重要原因之一。本实验通过研究持续应激条件下受试鸡体液免疫、细胞免疫等指标的改变以及HSP90在免疫脏器的分布，以探索持续热应激对肉鸡免疫能力的影响，为养殖环境的控制提供理论依据。     

啤用大麦主要农艺性状对产量及部分酿造品质的影响

对啤用大麦的11个农艺性状与小区产量、千粒重、蛋白质含量及α-淀粉酶含量分别进行通径分析和比较研究。结果表明：对产量有显著影响的性状为单株粒数、单株粒重、主穗粒重及主穗粒数;对千粒重、α-淀粉酶含量、蛋白质含量等部分酿造品质有显著影响的主要性状为主穗穗长、单株粒重、单株穗数、主穗粒数、分蘖数、基本苗数及有效穗数（指667 m²有效穗数,下同）,其中基本苗数和单株粒重的遗传决定系数h₂B＜50%;主穗粒重、主穗粒数这2个性状受遗传效应的影响较大,同时对千粒重和α-淀粉酶的直接作用效应较大,所以在育种实践中应特别注意该性状的锁定及选择。     

天然食品对自由基的清除能力

对 2 9种天然食品提取物的自由基 ( .OH)清除能力进行评价 ,结果显示海带具有最高的自由基清除能力 ,而且具有自由基清除能力的成份稳定性较高 ,加热、冷藏、活性炭处理、硅藻土处理对其自由基清除能力影响较小 ,当海带 :甘草 :枸杞 :红枣 =10∶ 1∶ 1∶ 1( V/V)时 ,其自由基清除能力大大提高 ,显示了 4种天然食品在一定比例下具有协同增效作用     

Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of L1 Gene of BPV from Guizhou Province

In order to study and analyze L1 gene of bovine papillomavirus（BPV）in Guizhou province,the L1 gene of BPV-GZ01 strain was amplified,cloned and sequenced using bioinformatic softwares and methods,and the secondary structure,tertiary structure,B-cell preponderant epitope,conserved domains analysis, transmembrane domain and signal peptide of L1 gene were predicted.The results showed that the length of L1 gene was 1 494 bp,encoding 497 amino acids.The L1 gene of BPV-GZ01 strain shared an amino acid identities of 98.6%,99.4%,98.4%,94.4% and 91.3%,and a nucleotide identities of 99.1%,99.8%,99.4%,87.6% and 82.8% with those of BPV2,BPV2-SW01,BPV2-AKS01,BPV13 and BPV1 strains,respectively.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there was a close relationship between BPV-GZ01 and BPV2-SW01 strains.The prediction of secondary structure of L1 protein indicated that the random coil,extended strand and alphahelix took a higher percentage.The L1 protein was supposed contain 6 potential antigen epitopes.And no transmembrane domains and no signal peptide were found.The tertiary structure of L1 protein was curved spiral structure.These results provided a theoretical basis for immunologic diagnosis and further research of nucleic acid vaccine of BPV.     

38份冬小麦品系抗条锈病基因Yr5和Yr10的分子检测

为了解甘肃天水近年育成品系中抗条锈病基因的分布情况,选用与Yr5和Yr10基因紧密连锁的标记,对38份冬小麦品系进行抗条锈病基因检测。结果表明,38份品系中,有15份品系检测到Yr5基因,有1份品系检测到Yr10基因,分别占被检测品系的39.5%和2.6%;品系0817-4同时检测到Yr5和Yr10基因,由于两基因对目前流行小种有较好的抗性,建议品系0817-4可在甘肃天水小麦抗条锈病育种中合理利用。     

桑皮纤维脱胶工艺初探

为从桑树韧皮中提取出桑皮工艺纤维，对桑树韧皮采用化学脱胶法和生物-化学联合脱胶法分别进行了脱胶试验。结果表明：采用生物化学联合脱胶法能降低桑皮工艺纤维的残胶率，且对纤维损伤小。制得的工艺纤维长度为52．7mm，细度为1．33tex。经与大麻工艺纤维对比，认为桑皮纤维物理指标接近大麻纤维，其脱胶、制纤工艺可参考大麻纤维的加工工艺。     

乌兰布和沙漠风沙运动规律研究

根据在沙漠化程度十分严峻的乌兰布和沙漠实际所测得的有关流动、半固定和固定沙丘风沙运动的相关数据,运用多元统计分析的方法分别建立了3种沙丘的输沙率函数模型,定量地分析了输沙率与风速及高度的相关关系,并对风沙流结构进行了相应研究。这对于指导我国的沙漠化治理工作具有重要的建设性意义。     

用"母犊素"提高产母犊率的应用试验

应用“母犊素“分别对荷斯坦牛、西门塔尔牛、杂种牛和土种牛提高产母犊率的试验,结果表明试验组牛平均产母犊率为763%,对照组为38.4%,比对照组提高37.9%,差异极显著(p＜0.01).品种间的差异不明显,产母犊率最高的为杂种牛达81.0%,取得了较为理想的效果.