基于多核支持向量机的小麦条锈病遥感监测研究

为提高小麦条锈病的遥感探测精度,依据日光诱导叶绿素荧光和冠层反射光谱数据在小麦条锈病遥感探测中的优势及其与病情严重度之间的映射关系,在运用独立分量分析法对光谱数据降维的基础上,利用核学习算法分别确定冠层光谱特征和日光诱导叶绿素荧光特征反映小麦条锈病病情严重度的最优核,同时针对冠层光谱与叶绿素荧光特征组,建立基于不同特征最优核映射的多核学习支持向量机模型,并与基于特征直接拼接的模型结果进行对比。结果表明,对于冠层光谱而言,采用高斯核构建的支持向量机模型可较好估测小麦条锈病病情指数,而日光诱导叶绿素荧光指数则是采用多项式核的效果更优;采用直接拼接法融合叶绿素荧光指数和冠层光谱特征能够在一定程度上改善小麦条锈病病情指数估测精度,决定系数(r~2)最高为0.847,而单独利用冠层光谱信息或者叶绿素荧光信息时,r~2最高仅为0.802;对日光诱导叶绿素荧光和反射光谱特征分别利用其最优核进行映射构建的多核学习支持向量机模型精度最高,r~2为0.915,RMSE为0.090,优于基于特征直接拼接构建的支持向量机模型精度。     

ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.     

Effect of Linc00152 targeting miR-376c-3p on viability,apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Linc00152 on the viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. METHODS: RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of Linc00152 and microRNA-376c-3p(miR-376c-3p) in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and SiHa cells, and normal cervical Ect1/E6E7 cells. The cervical cancer HeLa cells with low Linc00152 expression or miR-376c-3p over-expression were established. MTT assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay and Western blot were used to determine the cell viability, apoptosis, radiosensitivity and related protein expression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the regulatory relationship between Linc00152 and miR-376c-3p in the HeLa cells. RESULTS: Compared with the Ect1/E6E7 cells, Linc00152 was up-regulated in the HeLa cells and SiHa cells, and miR-376c-3p was down-regulated (P < 0.05). Low expression of Linc00152 or over-expression of miR-376c-3p inhibited the viability of HeLa cells, induced apoptosis, enhanced the radiosensitivity, inhibited the protein expression of cyclin D and Bcl-2, and promoted the protein expression of P21 and Bax (P < 0.05). Linc00152 negatively regulated miR-376c-3p expression in the HeLa cells, and inhibition of miR-376c-3p expression reversed the effect of low expression of Linc00152 on HeLa cell viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Linc00152 is highly expressed in the cervical cancer cells. Linc00152 affects the viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by targeting miR-376c-3p, which is a potential diagnosis and treatment target for cervical cancer.     

刺葡萄棒状拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选

葡萄叶斑病是一种严重影响葡萄产量的病害。为了明确引起刺葡萄叶斑病的病原菌种类及筛选有效防治药剂,本研究从福建农林大学实践教学基地采集刺葡萄‘高山二号’10片典型叶斑病病叶片,对分离得到的菌株进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果表明,通过形态学特征结合rDNA-ITS(ITS)、β-tubulin和EF-1α序列分析确定分离到的菌株均为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora。防治药剂筛选的结果显示,不同的防治药剂对炭疽病菌的抑制效果不同,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC_(50)分别为0.119 mg/L和0.178 mg/L;其次为80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂,其EC_(50)为1.766 mg/L;抑制效果最差的药剂为50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,仅表现出轻微的抑制作用。防治棒状拟盘多毛孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最佳药剂是60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂,可作为备选药剂进行田间刺葡萄叶斑病防控试验。     

土壤中氟磺胺草醚残留对后茬玉米生长及其酶活性的影响

氟磺胺草醚是二苯醚类除草剂,主要用于防除大豆田内的阔叶杂草,在土壤中残效期较长,其药害极易对后茬作物造成影响。近年来随着玉米种植面积的不断扩大,氟磺胺草醚残留对后茬玉米的不良影响日益突出(郑景瑶等,2013)。本研究拟通过测定玉米中靶标酶、代谢酶和抗氧化酶的活性变化来分析氟磺胺草醚对玉米生长的影响,以期为玉米安全生产提供科学依据。     

种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响

种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料,比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加,昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降,茎粗和壁厚依次下降;门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降,但整个生育期未发生倒伏;门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低,诱发倒伏现象提前发生,致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降,门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势,相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性,昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×104株hm~(-2),门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×104～375×104株hm~(-2)。     

HPLC法同时测定茶叶中儿茶素类和咖啡因的含量

为茶叶产品的等级评价和质量控制提供科学依据,采用高效液相色谱发同时测定市售与种茶叶中没食子酸(GA)、表儿茶素(EC)、儿茶素(+C)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)和表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)以及咖啡因(CAF)含量。结果表明:在Agilent C18色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈、甲醇、0. 5%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,UV检测波长为275 nm条件下检测,各目标物(GA、GC、EGC、+C、CAF、EGCG、EC、GCG和ECG)的重复性RSD为0. 41%～2. 12%;样品加标平均回收率为94. 68%～104. 40%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 89%～5. 78%。该方法简单、快速、准确、重现性好,茶叶中各目标物均能得到较好的分离,可用于儿茶素类和咖啡因的定量检测。市售5种茶叶中咖啡因的含量均最高,为36. 15～87. 26 mg/kg,绿茶中的儿茶素类物质明显比红茶丰富。     

盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值的可行性

为验证玉米脂肪酸值快速、简便、直观、准确的测定方法,以现行的国家标准GB/T 20570-2015《玉米储存品质判定规则》附录A中手工滴定法和电位滴定法为基础,采用盐酸返滴定法,对外观颜色相近的28个玉米样品及外观颜色明显差异的11个不同玉米品种的脂肪酸值进行测定。结果表明:28个外观颜色相近的玉米样品脂肪酸值手工滴定法与盐酸返滴定法的最小差为0.06 mg/100g,最大差为1.98mg/100g(小于2 mg/100g),2种方法测定脂肪酸值结果基本一致;二者的标准差分别在0.03～0.95mg/100g和0.11～0.82 mg/100g,RSD分别在0.22%～4.47%和0.62%～3.16%(RSD均小于5%),方法稳定性好。外观颜色明显差异的11个玉米品种脂肪酸测定值在手工滴定、电位滴定和盐酸返滴定3种方法间存在显著线性相关性(R2≥0.993)。盐酸返滴定法测定玉米脂肪酸值其精密度和稳定性均能满足测定要求,滴定速度快,终点颜色易判断,测定结果准确度高。     

不同小麦品种小麦白粉病发病程度及其田间发生动态分析

【目的】研究新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病危害程度和田间发生动态,为科学防控小麦白粉病提供理论依据。【方法】采用定期定点调查的方法,系统调查不同品种小麦白粉病发生情况。【结果】新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生动态基本一致。新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病病情指数最高分别为8.22、7.11、37.63和25.48。新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著轻于新冬40号和新冬20号,新冬40号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著重于新冬20号。【结论】新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著轻于新冬20号,可根据田间发病情况,合理减施农药。新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著重于新冬20号,应加强对小麦白粉病的预防。     

基于机器学习算法的土壤有机质 质量比估算

为快速高效地估测干旱、半干旱地区土壤有机质(soil organic matter, SOM)质量比,提出了一种结合竞争适应重加权法(CARS)和随机森林(RF)的估测模型.以内陆干旱区艾比湖流域为研究区,测定土壤高光谱反射率和SOM质量比,经预处理后,利用CARS对原始光谱(R)、一阶导数(R′)、吸光度(log(1/R))及吸光度一阶导数［log(1/R)］′4种光谱变量的可见-近红外光谱进行筛选,并结合RF算法,建立全谱段RF模型与CARS-RF模型.结果表明,基于CARS方法对光谱进行变量筛选后,得出4种光谱变量的优选变量集个数分别为35,26,34和121;在4种光谱变量中,R′和［log(1/R)］′的SOM估测模型精度较高,以［log(1/R)］′为基础数据获得的模型精度最高;CARS-RF模型精度优于全谱段RF模型,模型验证集决定系数(R²)、均方根误差(RMSE)、相对分析误差(RPD)分别为0.881,6.438 g/kg和2.177.该研究在预处理的基础上通过变量优选,应用较少的变量个数获得较高的估测精度,为干旱、半干旱区SOM高光谱估测提供了适宜高效的方法.