基于梨贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因PpKO 序列的功能性SNP 标记

 基于基因序列的功能性标记是基因分型、图谱定位和相关性状标记辅助选择的理想标记。以‘矮生梨’ב茌梨’的梨杂交分离群体和9个梨栽培品种为试材,以梨赤霉素合成代谢途径的关键酶基因--贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因（PpKO）的cDNA序列为基础,设计5对PCR引物,通过高通量熔解曲线（high resolution melting,HRM）分析,筛选到可对基因进行良好分型的1对引物。通过对杂种后代和测试品种的测序分析表明,此对引物的扩增子是一个位于PpKO第8外显子上的长度为200 bp的序列,从中共检测到两处单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）变化,且均为非同义cSNP。这两处SNP标记均可以作为适合高通量分析的遗传标记在遗传作图、基因定位或资源鉴定中加以利用。     

球花石斛人工授粉试验

试验表明球花石斛通过人工异花授粉才能结实,同株异花在开花后第3、5、10 d授粉的座果率依次为43%、52%、15%,异株异花相同时间授粉的座果率依次为45%、54%、18%,两者座果率差别不大;花开后第3～10 d都能人工授粉,但以花开后第5 d左右授粉的座果率最高。     

延安林业专业人才培养模式的现状研究及分析

林业承担着构建完善的生态体系、发达的林业体系和繁荣的生态文化体系的三重使命。培养和提供林业职业技术高技能型人才,正是高等职业教育的林业专业的责任和义务,建立具有鲜明高职特色的人才培养模式是当务之急。本文阐明了构建延安高职教育林业专业人才培养模式的必要性,在对现阶段延安林业专业技术人员现状和专业技术人才需求进行认真分析的基础上,提出如何构建延安高职教育林业技术专业人才培养模式。     

抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清的研制

为研制用于治疗和预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的高免血清,选取健康育肥猪作为免疫接种对象,用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活苗和弱毒苗作基础免疫和强化免疫,通过优化免疫程序,制备出抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清,并进行了临床治疗试验,结果总有效率为86.67%。表明采用这种方法制备猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清是安全有效、切实可行的。     

猪萎缩性鼻炎巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗免疫程序的优化

为探索最佳的猪萎缩性鼻炎免疫防控程序,本实验采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比:TPR)测定的方法对猪AR巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采用不同的免疫程序,A组:母猪于产前6周及2周各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及2周、所产仔猪3周龄各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。在自然感染条件下,各组所产仔猪试验结果表明:A组有36.36%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%比较正常;对照组有9.10%的仔猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫程序的效果进行分析,结果表明,B组免疫的效果最佳,保护率高,猪的平均日增重最高,料重肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。     

Antimicrobial activity of a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) against methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which is included in the innate immune system of mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about antimicrobial peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP‐28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its activity against methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. We found that the peptide was effective in killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5–20 µg/mL). It was also revealed that MSSA (MIC range; 1.25–20 µg/mL) had two levels of susceptibility to BMAP‐28. We also examined the effect of BMAP‐28 on bacterial shape to visually show its activity. After exposure to the peptide, both MSSA and MRSA cells showed the morphological changes on their surfaces. Our results indicate that BMAP‐28 is a promising candidate for medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria.     

Association of toll‐like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle

This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TLR2 gene, and analyze the association of SNPs or haplotypes and somatic cell scores in 151 Xinjiang Brown cattle and 138 Holsteins to evaluate the role of TLR2 during intramammary infections. TLR2 coding region was amplified by PCR and screened for SNP sequencing. Genotypes and frequencies of SNPs were identified. Finally, the associations of genotypes or haplotypes and somatic cell scores (SCS) were analyzed. The results showed that: (i) 15 SNPs (E+653, E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1250, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1891, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055, E+2214 and E+2295) were observed and detected from 289 cows; (ii) distribution of the 14 SNPs were significantly different from Xinjiang Brown cattle and Holstein (P < 0.001) except for the E+945 (P > 0.05); (iii) in 11 SNPs (E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055 and E+2214), the SCS of AB genotype was lower than AA (P < 0.05) in Xinjiang Brown cattle; and (iv) haplotypes composed of the above‐mentioned 11 SNPs were constructed. The SCS of cattle with Hap5 was lower than that of Hap3 (P < 0.05). This suggests that Hap5 might play an important role in sub‐mastitis resistance in Xinjiang Brown cattle.     

荒漠草原区“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜丰产试验

试验对“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜进行不同的水肥耦合处理,并在不同生物期对其进行了生物量观测.试验结果表明,410 g丰产素与水以1∶1 000体积比混合喷洒200 L、浇水8000L的条件下,“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜的产量可以大幅度提高,播种后第3年其干草产量可由天然条件下的2 460 kg/hm2提高到5 430 kg/hm2.     

全光喷雾扦插育苗技术在张掖市林业生产中的应用研究

文章介绍了全光照喷雾育苗技术的原理及扦插育苗特点,分析了全光照喷雾育苗技术在张掖市林业生产中的问题,提出了在林业生产中全光照喷雾育苗技术的注意事项,介绍了张掖市利用全光照喷雾育苗技术取得的成效。     

地毯草耐盐浓度梯度筛选与临界盐浓度研究

以地毯草(Axonopus compressus)为对象,利用水培法进行耐盐鉴定,初步研究不同盐浓度对地毯草坪用品质、叶色和枯黄率的影响,并对地毯草耐盐性进行了评价。结果表明,不同的处理之间存在显著或极显著性差异,在低浓度处理下（0～120 mmol·L-1）,叶色和坪用品质得分6分以上;而在高浓度处理下（140～180 mmol·L-1）,景观价值低于6分。叶片枯黄率与之正好相反,在低浓度下（0～140 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率较低;而在高浓度下（160～180 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率超过50%,从而导致地毯草草坪观赏价值过低。通过建立回归方程,以枯黄率50%作为确定存活的临界值指标,求得地毯草具有盐半致死临界浓度为141 mmol·L-1。