优质水稻新品种芽期耐冷性鉴定

对来自不同地区的多个水稻品种进行芽期耐冷性试验,结果表明:15份优质水稻品种发芽期14℃、7 d处理,耐冷性均表现为极弱;14℃、14 d处理,龙稻18、通禾66耐冷性表现为极强,九稻68、吉粳511耐冷性表现为强。在芽期试验中,所有品种芽期耐冷性为强。     

大球盖菇1号的分离纯化及其液体培养基优化

为缩短大球盖菇(Stropharia rugoso-annulata)1号液体种生长周期,提高菌丝体产量,为大球盖菇液体种工业化生产提供参考和依据。试验以大球盖菇1号菌丝球干质量(Y)为指标,通过Plackett-Burman设计试验,得出玉米粉、MgSO4和VB1对大球盖菇的生物量有显著影响,通过最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对大球盖菇液体培养基组成进行优化,得到大球盖菇1号最适液体培养基为蔗糖20 g·L^-1、蛋白胨6 g·L^-1、酵母膏2 g·L^-1、KH2PO43 g·L^-1、MgSO44.56 g·L^-1、玉米粉4.25 g·L^-1、VB12.43 g·L^-1,通过对模型进行验证试验,大球盖菇1号菌丝生物量为1.2154 g·150-1mL-1,较基础培养基相比生物量提高36.2%,且数学模型的预测值与试验观察值相符,相对误差约为1.9%,证明响应面法优化大球盖菇1号液体培养基可行。     

盐胁迫下外源功能微生物调控水稻生长特征研究

以高产水稻品种中浙优1号为材料,设置2个盐胁迫处理(S0,正常生长条件;S1,盐逆境,3g NaCl/kg干土)和2个微生物处理(M0,对照;MM,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌共同接种水稻根际环境),研究了盐胁迫下外源功能微生物对水稻生长特征的影响。结果表明,与S0处理相比,S1处理下水稻植株生育期严重滞后,干物质积累量以及产量构成因子显著降低;与S1M0处理相比,S1MM处理可显著提高水稻剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质量以及产量构成因子。可见,荧光假单胞菌与巴西固氮螺菌进入稻田土壤可缓解盐逆境对水稻生长的抑制作用,提升水稻叶片光合能力、耐盐性能,并显著提高水稻分蘖能力和结实率,增加千粒重,进而增加水稻产量。     

玉米叶片表皮蜡质相关性状的全基因组关联分析

为发掘玉米叶片表皮蜡质合成与调控相关基因,以218份由温带、亚热带和热带自交系组成的关联群体为材料,在原阳对其3个生物学重复叶片表皮挂水能力进行调查,利用1.25 M覆盖玉米全基因组的SNPs进行Q、K和Q+K这3种模型下的全基因组关联分析。结果表明,Q模型较K模型和Q+K模型能更好地评价叶片表皮的挂水能力。Q模型下,共检测到88个覆盖玉米9条染色体的显著SNPs（P ≤ 2.04E-6）,88个SNPs分布于47个QTLs内,单个QTL可解释13.6%~45.6%的叶片挂水能力表型变异,47个QTL内共有97个候选基因,其中,77个具有功能注释。位于第2染色体上的转录因子NAC77（GRMZM2G018436）和第3条染色体上的亚油酸酯氧合酶（GRMZM2G156861）编码基因,是叶片表皮蜡质性状的重要候选基因。     

基于多核支持向量机的小麦条锈病遥感监测研究

为提高小麦条锈病的遥感探测精度,依据日光诱导叶绿素荧光和冠层反射光谱数据在小麦条锈病遥感探测中的优势及其与病情严重度之间的映射关系,在运用独立分量分析法对光谱数据降维的基础上,利用核学习算法分别确定冠层光谱特征和日光诱导叶绿素荧光特征反映小麦条锈病病情严重度的最优核,同时针对冠层光谱与叶绿素荧光特征组,建立基于不同特征最优核映射的多核学习支持向量机模型,并与基于特征直接拼接的模型结果进行对比。结果表明,对于冠层光谱而言,采用高斯核构建的支持向量机模型可较好估测小麦条锈病病情指数,而日光诱导叶绿素荧光指数则是采用多项式核的效果更优;采用直接拼接法融合叶绿素荧光指数和冠层光谱特征能够在一定程度上改善小麦条锈病病情指数估测精度,决定系数(r~2)最高为0.847,而单独利用冠层光谱信息或者叶绿素荧光信息时,r~2最高仅为0.802;对日光诱导叶绿素荧光和反射光谱特征分别利用其最优核进行映射构建的多核学习支持向量机模型精度最高,r~2为0.915,RMSE为0.090,优于基于特征直接拼接构建的支持向量机模型精度。     

ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.     

刺葡萄棒状拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选

葡萄叶斑病是一种严重影响葡萄产量的病害。为了明确引起刺葡萄叶斑病的病原菌种类及筛选有效防治药剂,本研究从福建农林大学实践教学基地采集刺葡萄‘高山二号’10片典型叶斑病病叶片,对分离得到的菌株进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果表明,通过形态学特征结合rDNA-ITS(ITS)、β-tubulin和EF-1α序列分析确定分离到的菌株均为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora。防治药剂筛选的结果显示,不同的防治药剂对炭疽病菌的抑制效果不同,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC_(50)分别为0.119 mg/L和0.178 mg/L;其次为80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂,其EC_(50)为1.766 mg/L;抑制效果最差的药剂为50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,仅表现出轻微的抑制作用。防治棒状拟盘多毛孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最佳药剂是60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂,可作为备选药剂进行田间刺葡萄叶斑病防控试验。     

土壤中氟磺胺草醚残留对后茬玉米生长及其酶活性的影响

氟磺胺草醚是二苯醚类除草剂,主要用于防除大豆田内的阔叶杂草,在土壤中残效期较长,其药害极易对后茬作物造成影响。近年来随着玉米种植面积的不断扩大,氟磺胺草醚残留对后茬玉米的不良影响日益突出(郑景瑶等,2013)。本研究拟通过测定玉米中靶标酶、代谢酶和抗氧化酶的活性变化来分析氟磺胺草醚对玉米生长的影响,以期为玉米安全生产提供科学依据。     

种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响

种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料,比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加,昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降,茎粗和壁厚依次下降;门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降,但整个生育期未发生倒伏;门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低,诱发倒伏现象提前发生,致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降,门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势,相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性,昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×104株hm~(-2),门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×104～375×104株hm~(-2)。     

HPLC法同时测定茶叶中儿茶素类和咖啡因的含量

为茶叶产品的等级评价和质量控制提供科学依据,采用高效液相色谱发同时测定市售与种茶叶中没食子酸(GA)、表儿茶素(EC)、儿茶素(+C)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)和表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)以及咖啡因(CAF)含量。结果表明:在Agilent C18色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈、甲醇、0. 5%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,UV检测波长为275 nm条件下检测,各目标物(GA、GC、EGC、+C、CAF、EGCG、EC、GCG和ECG)的重复性RSD为0. 41%～2. 12%;样品加标平均回收率为94. 68%～104. 40%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 89%～5. 78%。该方法简单、快速、准确、重现性好,茶叶中各目标物均能得到较好的分离,可用于儿茶素类和咖啡因的定量检测。市售5种茶叶中咖啡因的含量均最高,为36. 15～87. 26 mg/kg,绿茶中的儿茶素类物质明显比红茶丰富。