新疆地方品种梨果实品质性状综合评价

为了优良品种的筛选、选育及推广应用提供科学理论依据,建立8个新疆地方品种梨的果实品质综合评价体系。以‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’和‘库车句句梨’为试材,测定其14项果实内外品质指标,对14项指标进行相关性分析和因子分析,建立基于因子分析的综合品质评价模型,并根据综合品质得分进行优良度排序。结果表明:8个新疆地方品种梨14项果实品质性状变异系数有所不同,其中色差值a~*(红绿差异)的变异系数较大,其变异系数为225.40%,单果质量、果实纵径、果心质量、色差值L~*、果实硬度、总酸含量和糖酸比的变异系数均中等,在20.0%～45.0%范围之内,其余果实品质指标的变异系数均相对较小(小于20.0%),且各果实品质指标间均存在不同程度的相关性。经因子分析提取出特征根值均大于1的4个公因子,其累计方差贡献率达88.90%,其中第1公因子的贡献率为31.15%,主要由果实纵径、单果质量、果心质量、果实横径和果形指数5个因子决定,主要反映了果实大小、果心大小和果实形状。第2公因子的贡献率为23.31%,由糖酸比、果实硬度、含糖量和总酸含量4个因子决定,主要反映了果实酸甜口感品质和耐运强度的高低。第3公因子的贡献率为18.29%,由色差值L~*、色差值a~*和色差值b~*3个因子决定,主要反映了果实表面颜色色差程度。第4公因子的贡献率为16.15%,由可食率和果柄长度2个因子决定,主要反映了果实可食部分大小和果实抗风能力强度的高低。经综合品质评价模型得出,新疆梨8个地方品种果实综合品质得分的优良度排序依次为‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’‘库车句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’,研究结果为新疆地方梨品种的合理应用及科学推广提供参考。     

吐鲁番火焰山南麓农田生态区土壤螨类群落多样性

【目的】研究火焰山南麓农业生态系统不同土地利用类型生境对土壤螨类群落多样性的影响,为农业生态系统土壤生物多样性保护提供科学依据。【方法】采用野外采样和改良的Tullgren法对吐鲁番火焰山南麓农业生态系统10种土地利用类型生境土壤螨类群落多样性特征进行比较分析。【结果】共采集土壤螨类 21 195头标本,隶属于4亚目68科100属,其中长单翼甲螨属Protoribates为优势类群,Berniniella Balogh,1983和Monogalumnella Mahunka,1986为中国新纪录属。不同土地利用类型生境土壤螨类个体数、类群数及多样性指标之间均有显著差异( P<0.05),其中葡萄园多样性最高,而荒漠最低;群落多样性存在季节差异,秋季最高,而夏季最低少。捕食性螨类以K选择型为主,甲螨主要为O型和P型。【结论】不同土地利用类型螨类群落多样性指标之间存在显著差异,地表凋落物和人为干扰是影响该区土壤螨类群落多样性的主要因素。     

Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey

Chestnut blight caused by the introduced fungus Cryphonectria parasitica has been responsible for the decline of Castanea sativa in Turkey since the 1960s. In this study, 72 C. parasitica isolates were recovered from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey showing white or cream-coloured culture morphology and were subjected to various tests to determine if they were infected by Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1). The vast majority of the isolates (69 out of 72) were vc type EU-1. Both mating types were found among a subsample of the isolates. The hypovirus was detected in 55 isolates by dsRNA extraction and/or virus specific RT-PCR on total RNA extracts. All but one isolates showed no or only weak phenol oxidase activity on agar medium containing tannic acid, typical of CHV-1 infected isolates. Through sequencing of a specific region of the hypovirus genome, we found that 24 hypovirus isolates belonged to the CHV-1 subtype I and six to the CHV-1 subtype F2. The distribution of the two CHV-1 subtypes in Turkey showed a clear geographic pattern. CHV-1 subtype I was only detected in the Marmara and western Black Sea region, whereas subtype F2 was restricted to the eastern part of the Black Sea region. The effectiveness of 23 hypovirulent isolates was tested against a virulent isolate on 2–3 years old chestnut sprouts. Ten hypovirulent isolates, all infected by CHV-1 subtype I, prevented canker development by more than 80 % suggesting that they might be suitable for biological control of chestnut blight in Turkey.     

Bone cement treatment for aneurysmal bone cyst in a dog

An eighteen month old female Doberman pinscher dog was referred to teaching hospital of Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with the complaint of right forelimb lameness for a month. On the basis of clinical, radiographical, scintigraphical, computed tomographical and histopathological findings, aneurysmal bone cyst was diagnosed. Surgical curettage and bone cement treatment were applied. The patient recovered after 12 months. This case proves that aneurysmal bone cyst, without osteolysis and/or damages to the surrounding tissues, may result in a good prognosis if curettage and treatment with bone cement are done.     

新疆亚洲玉米螟不同地理种群临界光周期的研究

研究了新疆亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)不同地理种群在(27±1)℃的恒温条件下,光照时数为4～20 h之间时的光周期反应.结果表明,光周期和不同地理区域对亚洲玉米螟幼虫发育历期有极显著性影响,两因素交互作用对亚洲玉米螟幼虫发育历期有极显著性影响.焉耆、塔城、昌吉种群的临界光周期为LD14:10 h,乌鲁木齐、哈密种群的临界光周期为LD15:9 h.新疆不同地理种群亚洲玉米螟在光照时间时数为8～12 h之间时幼虫的发育历期最长,滞育诱导率最高.并且光照时数长于14 h时,随着光照时数的增加,反而幼虫发育历期缩短,滞育率降低.光周期和亚洲玉米螟发育历期负相关,即光照延长,亚洲玉米螟幼虫发育历期缩短.不同地理区域和亚洲玉米螟发育历期正相关,即北纬度升高,亚洲玉米螟幼虫发育历期延长.     

5个西梅品种光合特性、叶绿素及产量的对比研究

[目的]通过对比5个西梅品种光合特征参数、叶绿素含量和产量,为西梅的优质高产栽培管理措施提供理论依据.[方法]使用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定光合特性,乙醇提取法测定叶片叶绿素含量,统计每品种15棵树的产量,并进行了LSD多重比较.[结果]5个西梅品种的光合能力比较而言,优萨的净光合速率和总叶绿素含量显著高于其它品种,其净光合速率和总叶绿素含量分别为(15.70±1.58) μmol/(m2·s)、(57.24±2.91) mg/cm2,其单果重和产量也明显高于其它品种.[结论]5个西梅品种的光合效率和单株产量之间存在一定的差异,其单株产量的高低顺序为:优萨＞兰密＞大玫瑰＞法兰西＞来客.     

Poly(methyl methacrylate-glycidiyl methacrylate) film with immobilized iminodiacetic acid and Cu(II) Ion: For protein adsorption

Poly(methyl methacrylate-glycidiyl methacrylate) p(MMA-GMA) film was fabricated by UV initiated photo-polymerization. Iminodiacetic acid ligand (IDA) was covalently immobilized to the p(MMA-GMA) film via ring opening reaction of epoxy groups. Cu(II) ion was chelated with the immobilized ligand. The morphology and properties of the films were characterized with SEM, FTIR, AFM, water content, the specific surface area, and contact angle. HSA (human serum albumin) was used as a model protein to describe the adsorption propency of the support. The information obtained in this research will serve for scaling up the process in industrial applications. The HSA adsorption capacity of the metal chelated film was found to be 2.7 mg/cm² film. The p(MMA-GMA)-IDA-Cu(II) films exhibited a high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate compared to Cu(II) ion free counterpart.     

新疆普通核桃起源研究

[目的]通过SSR技术分析新疆核桃不同地理类群间亲缘关系,探讨新疆核桃的起源,为进一步保护、开发新疆核桃种质资源、新品种选育及引种提供科学参考依据.[方法]通过改良CTAB法从硅胶干燥核桃叶片中提取DNA,建立SSR反应体系,研究新疆核桃的12个主要地理类群和1个伊犁野核桃类群以及1个吉尔吉斯野核桃类群进行亲缘关系及遗传多样性.[结果]从20对引物中筛选出的15对引物共扩增出128个清晰可重复的条带,其中51条具有多态性,多态位点百分率为39.84;,表明供试材料具有一定的多态位点.Nei's遗传一致度(Ⅰ)范围在0.7843～0.9346,平均为0.850 7,遗传距离(D)范围在0.059～0.191 3,平均为0.118 0,说明所采集的核桃样品存在一定的遗传差异.[结论]根据14个地理类群的遗传相似系数进行聚类,将其分成2大类:一是以伊犁野核桃(10号)为中心起源的阿克苏早实核桃类群;二是以吉尔吉斯野核桃(12号)为中心起源的喀什、和田晚实核桃类群.     

Heavy Metal Monitoring Around the Nesting Environment of Green Sea Turtles in Turkey

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, As and Cu were investigated in the nesting environment of green turtles in Mediterranean Sea near Kazanl?, Mersin-Turkey. Tissues of plants growing on the beach and the adjacent environment, beach sand, sea ground sediment, sea grass as well as the egg shells from the nests were analyzed and the results showed no significant high levels of heavy metals detected. The higher levels of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and As) were found in the samples from ground sea sediments. Ni and Sb were found at higher levels in river waters and Fe was at the highest in field soil. The high levels of Pb, Fe and Cd were also detected in sea grass, and the Cr, Cu and Ni in sea lily when comparison made with other plants. The levels of essential elements such as Fe and Cu were detected as the highest in most of the specimens. The herbivorous green turtles might be affected from the heavy metal concentrations in the future, since they feed on mainly sea grass. The accumulation of heavy metals via rivers into the sea might cause some pollution problems.     

Controlled release of aldicarb from carboxymethyl cellulose microspheres: in vitro and field applications

Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide that is widely used throughout the world in the protection of crops (eg cotton, nuts, potatoes, onion, tobacco, sugar beet and sugar cane). In Turkey, especially in the Çukurova region, it is used for the control of the cotton white fly (Bemisia tabaci) which attacks cotton plants cultivated in this region. Aldicarb contamination in surface and ground water is a serious problem in several countries, partly due to its high water solubility. It is also highly toxic to mammals. In order to overcome these problems, microspheres of aldicarb were prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the biodegradable support material cross-linked with aluminium chloride. A strong hysteresis behaviour was observed upon drying and reswelling. Encapsulation efficiency was in the range 12–23% and aldicarb contents of 5.7–10.3 mg per 100 mg of microspheres was achieved. In vitro release was distinctly Fickian, and Higuchi constants were very close to 0.5. Release in pots revealed that only one sample had a release capability for more than four weeks. In the cotton plot much longer durations of release (more than seven weeks) were observed while a commercial granular formulation released its content immediately. It was thus possible to construct a controlled pesticide release system that prolonged the bioavailability to about eight weeks. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry