Congenital cardiac disease in dogs

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) generally occurs high in the membranous septum rather than lower in the muscular portion. The English Bulldog and Siberian Husky may be predisposed. Clinical signs include a holosystolic or crescendo-decrescendo murmur best heard low on the right side at the 3rd-4th intercostal space and, with large defects, pulmonary congestion, exercise intolerance, cyanosis and ascites. The ECG is normal unless the right ventricle is hypertrophied, which causes right axis deviation and other electrocardiographic signs of right-sided heart enlargement. Plain film thoracic radiographs reveal signs of right-sided heart enlargement but often are not diagnostic. Nonselective angiocardiography is often not useful in diagnosing VSD with a left-to-right shunt of blood. Selective angiocardiography, in which contrast medium is injected directly into the left ventricle via a catheter, is the method of choice for diagnosis of VSD. Dogs with a small VSD remain asymptomatic, but those with large defects require surgical correction with a prosthetic septal pathic or pulmonary artery band.     

Distribution of lesions in ovine salmonellosis

SUMMARY Four forms of salmonellosis were recognised in feedlots and during transport by sea: septicaemic, and acute, subacute and chronic enteric. The severity and distribution of lesions in the enteric forms varied according to the progression of the pathological process. The acute disease involved the abomasum and small intestine whereas the subacute disease centred on the lower small intestine and upper large intestine. Chronic disease involved considerable mucosal repair in the ileum, caecum and proximal colon. Septicaemic salmoneiiosis was often accompanied by acute enteritis and occasionally by cholecystitis. S typhimurium was the most frequently encountered serotype.     

DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS WITH OSSEOUS LESIONS IN A CAT WITH FELINE LYMPHOSARCOMA

A cat was presented with a non-weight-bearing lameness of the left thoracic limb, painful joints and lymphadenopathy. Marked bilateral osteolysis of the distal radial and ulnar metaphyses was detected radiographically. A post mortem diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis and feline lymphosarcoma was made.     

抗药性对球虫病流行病学的影响

在艾美耳球虫感染的群体动力学、影响球虫病流行病学的因素和抗药性可导致家禽业经济损失的环境条件等方面,人们的知识仍显得不足(HD Chapman,1997). 人们对抗药球虫怀有巨大恐惧感已有很多年了,这主要是因为养禽业记得二十世纪六十年代后期抗吡啶酮或抗喹诺酮柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的灾难性爆发.     

A newly recognized blood group in domestic shorthair cats: the Mik red cell antigen

BACKGROUND: Naturally occurring alloantibodies produced against A and B red cell antigens in cats can cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Blood incompatibilities, unrelated to the AB blood group system, have also been suspected after blood transfusions through routine crossmatch testing or as a result of hemolytic transfusion reactions. HYPOTHESIS: Incompatible crossmatch results among AB compatible cats signify the presence of a naturally occurring alloantibody against a newly identified blood antigen in a group of previously never transfused blood donor cats. The associated alloantibody is clinically important based upon a hemolytic transfusion reaction after inadvertent transfusion of red cells expressing this red cell antigen in a feline renal transplant recipient that lacks this red cell antigen. METHODS: Blood donor and nonblood donor cats were evaluated for the presence of auto- and alloantibodies using direct antiglobulin and crossmatch tests, respectively, and were blood typed for AB blood group status. Both standard tube and novel gel column techniques were used. RESULTS: Plasma from 3 of 65 cats and 1 feline renal transplant recipient caused incompatible crossmatch test results with AB compatible erythrocytes indicating these cats formed an alloantibody against a red cell antigen they lack, termed Mik. The 3 donors and the renal transplant recipient were crossmatch-compatible with one another. Tube and gel column crossmatch test results were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The absence of this novel Mik red cell antigen can be associated with naturally occurring anti-Mik alloantibodies and can elicit an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after an AB-matched blood transfusion.     

Ecotypic differentiation in Medicago polymorpha L. along an environmental gradient in central Chile. RAPDs studies show little genetic divergence

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) is distributed in a wide range of bioclimatic and edaphic conditions throughout the mediterranean-climate region of Chile. Previous studies on populations of M. polymorpha collected along this gradient revealed a remarkable ecotypic differentiation in many adaptive traits. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to evaluate genetic divergence in 36 accessions collected along the entire gradient. Three Australian commercial cultivars were also included in the study, of which two originated in Chile. The 40 RAPD primers used revealed a high degree of polymorphism and generated a total of 295bands, of which 78% were polymorphic. Degrees of similarity, based on Nei's genetic distance, identified one group of accessions (22 of the 39studied) with an index of similarity = 100% centered in the semiarid and arid zones of the study region. The remaining 17 accessions (from more mesic zones and one commercial cultivar) were more diverse. Only 91%similarity was found for the combined 39 accessions, indicating a low degree of genetic divergence. Biogeographical and life history strategy aspects of the results are discussed, including the notion of a suite of ‘arid-adapted’ characteristics arising in annual legumes under arid /semiarid conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cellulose in the cell walls of the bangiophyceae (rhodophyta)

Mechanically isolated cell walls of the conchocelis phase of Bangia fuscopurpurea yield cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) upon treatment with Schweitzer's reagent. X-ray powder analysis and thin-layer chromatography of partial hydrolyzates confirm the presence of cellulose in this extract. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of wall hydrolyzates indicates that xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose are major wall constituents. The presence of cellulose in the conchocelis provides evidence that this bangiophycean life cycle phase represents a transitional form or link between the two classes of red algae, Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae. This suggests a close affinity of the two classes of the Rhodophyta and supports the hypothesis that bangiophycean algae were precursors of the Florideophyceae.     

Space perception in early infancy: perception within a common auditory-visual space

Infants as young as 30 days become visibly distressed upon observing their mothers speak to them while the mother's voice is displaced in space. Their ability to perceive this discrepancy indicates that infant perception occurs within a space that is common to the visual and auditory modes.