4株Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒分离株对SPF雏鸡的致病性研究

【目的】探究Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒(Fowl adenovirus, FAdV)分离株GDDL-4(FAdV-4)、GDB3-8a(FAdV-8a)、GDT08-8b(FAdV-8b)、GDWYT-11(FAdV-11)对SPF雏鸡的致病性,进而制定更加有效的防控措施。【方法】设立4个攻毒组(GDDL-4、GDB3-8a、GDT08-8b、GDWYT-11)及对照组,攻毒组选择腿部肌内注射接种0.2 mL 10⁵ TCID₅₀病毒液,对照组接种等体积PBS。接种后观察SPF雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变及组织病理学变化,同时检测其排毒量和病毒载量。【结果】所有攻毒组鸡均表现为精神沉郁、消瘦、扎堆等,病理剖检以严重心包积液-包涵体肝炎综合征病变为主,其中GDDL-4组症状最为严重,死亡率最高达85%,总体死亡率在0～85%之间。排毒分析结果发现,GDDL-4和GDB3-8a组出现高滴度排毒(≥10⁴拷贝/μL),GDT08-8b和GDWYT-11组仅能检测到低滴度(≤10³拷贝/μL)排毒。器官指数表明,除GDT0...     

子午岭黑山羊与辽宁绒山羊产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量比较

1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH₁和pH₂₄高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主）、10种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主）和6种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA,以油酸为主）,子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）,但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。     

菱传粉生物学研究

以6 个菱品种为试材,对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数 及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明：菱花单生,两性,单花花期15 h,群体花期在5～10 月,盛花期在7～8 月;不同 品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异;柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h 内,结实率在50% 以上;花粉在自然授粉条件下活 力可保持7.5 h;以自花授粉为主,同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。     

大亚湾大鹏澳表层沉积物中PAHs特征及生态风险

为研究大亚湾大鹏澳海域多环芳烃的污染状况,对海域养殖活动提供依据,就大亚湾大鹏澳表层沉积物中PAHs特征及生态风险进行了分析。结果表明:5月(丰水期)和11月(枯水期)采集的沉积物中,16种多环芳烃(PAHs)总量分别为256.7～744.1 ng/g和237.3～1 139.3 ng/g。检测出的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)在组成上以3～4环为主,菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值显示沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)主要来自石油和成岩作用的输入。认为,大鹏澳海域已受到有机污染的影响,而且存在一定的生态风险。     

两种生境下狗牙根叶表皮亚显微结构的比较

通过对生长在田园土和植被砼2种生境下的5个品种狗牙根及野生狗牙根叶表皮微形态进行扫描电镜观察,比较了在不同生境下狗牙根叶表皮上气孔形状、大小、密度和表皮毛、乳突等附属物。结果表明,供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根对植被砼环境作出了积极的响应与适应,上下表皮乳突明显较田园土的增多,并且有些狗牙根品种叶表皮的气孔器周围乳突有规律的排列,使气孔器凹陷在其周边的细胞里面,使气体扩散阻力增大,有利于降低蒸腾,增加植物对水分的利用效率。与田园土上生长狗牙根相比,植被砼上狗牙根上、下表皮气孔密度显著增高的有喀什狗牙根、Sahara、Heaven、Hawk。就植被砼上不同狗牙根气孔特征来说,气孔密度较其他品种显著多的品种有喀什狗牙根、Sahara。在供试的5个狗牙根品种及野生狗牙根中,根据表皮毛及其他附属物的形态特征,气孔参数的特征等综合考虑,认为Sahara、Hawk、喀什狗牙根等对植被砼生境有很好的适应性。     

Immunogenicity of a temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gaffisepticum vaccine

The immunogenicity of the ts-11 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was assessed following eye drop or coarse aerosol administration in chickens of various ages. Protection was evalualted following intra-abdominal (IA) or fine droplet aerosol administration of virulent M. gallisepticum, usually the Ap3AS strain and was measured mainly by the scoring of gross air sac lesions or by egg production. Vaccination of chickens with ts-11 did not elicit a substantial serum antibody response as measured by rapid serum agglutination test, or ELISA. Protection was never demonstrated when no M. gallisepticum serum antibody response was detected in a vaccinated group of chickens. Failure to protect occurred usually, although not invariably, following aerosol administration of the vaccine. Vaccination by eye drop usually, although not invariably provided protection against challenge. In one experiment, chickens vaccinated by eye drop at 8-weeks were as susceptible as non vaccinated controls when challenged by IA inoculation at 13-weeks-of-age. Yet other birds from the same vaccinated group were resistant when challenged in an identical way at 23-weeks. No measurable increase in M. gallisepticum specific serum antibody concentrations occurred in the intervening period. Equally surprising was the response of another group of birds in the same experiment that had been vaccinated with a higher dose of ts-11. An antibody response was detected in this group, but they were susceptible to challenge at 23-weeks. Interestingly, a drop in egg production commenced 4 weeks after challenge, 2 weeks later than that observed in a non vaccinated group challenged at the same time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Safety of temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine

A temperature sensitive (ts) vaccine strain designated ts-11 was selected after exposure of a low passage culture of the immunogenic Australian field isolate (strain 80083) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to 100 mg/ml of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Viable counts (assayed as colour changing units (CCU)/25 microliters) of a thawed stock culture of ts-11 were typically log10 3 to log10 5 higher when incubated at 33 degrees C (the permissive temperature) than duplicate viable counts incubated at 39.5 degrees C (the restrictive temperature). Doses of approximately 2 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 caused no gross lesions or loss of egg production when inoculated into the air sacs of susceptible chickens and no clinical or pathological signs of sinusitis when inoculated into the infraorbital sinuses of susceptible turkey poults, whereas the parent strain 80083 was demonstrably pathogenic. However, 1 of 10 poults inoculated intra-abdominally with approximately 2 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 did show signs of mild airsacculitis. Eight-week-old pullets were vaccinated by eye drop with up to 1.4 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 and simultaneously subjected to several stressful management practices, without apparent ill effects. Administration by coarse aerosol of 5 ml of ts-11 vaccine/25 day-old broilers, with or without 25 doses of infectious bronchitis virus vaccine caused no obvious signs of respiratory disease. The non virulent ts phenotype was maintained after 3 passages of strain ts-11 in chickens. Chickens vaccinated 3 weeks previously with ts-11 or with strain 80083 were placed in contact with susceptible chickens for a period of 2 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌Sip蛋白乳酸菌活载体口服疫苗的研制及其免疫效果

链球菌病是威胁我国罗非鱼养殖产业健康发展的重要病害之一。为研制出免疫效果好、操作简便的罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗,本研究构建重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的穿梭质粒pNZ8124-Sip,通过酶切和测序验证后电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得能够诱导重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的乳酸菌活菌载体疫苗。采用SPS-PAGE电泳摸索最佳诱导浓度和诱导时间以获得最大表达量,通过镍柱纯化目的蛋白并进行Western blot检测;利用不同浓度的重组乳酸菌活载体疫苗灌胃口服免疫尼罗罗非鱼,采用间接ELISA法测定免疫后血清抗体水平变化,通过人工腹腔注射感染无乳链球菌获得相对免疫保护率。研究结果显示,构建的重组乳酸乳球菌可通过nisin诱导表达大小为48 ku特异性蛋白,与目的蛋白大小一致;PAGE电泳显示,重组蛋白主要以可溶蛋白和包涵体2种形式存在,其中胞内可溶性蛋白浓度达7.65 mg/mL;诱导表达的最佳条件为100 ng/mL nisin诱导6 h;Western blot检测结果显示,诱导蛋白可与鼠抗His标签抗体特异性结合。口服免疫结果显示,中浓度组(2.24×10~(10) CFU/mL)和低浓度组(2.24×10~9 CFU/mL)免疫2次能够显著提高尼罗罗非鱼的血清抗体水平和抗无乳链球菌感染能力,中浓度免疫组的相对免疫保护率最高为41.0%。本研究可为罗非鱼链球菌病口服疫苗的研究奠定基础,具有广阔的应用前景。     

温度对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌毒力的影响

为了解温度对鱼源无乳链球菌毒力的影响机制,本实验研究了温度对无乳链球菌毒力相关参数(生长、粘附、入侵、毒力基因表达以及对罗非鱼致死率)的影响。结果发现,不同培养温度下(25~40 ℃)无乳链球菌的生长速度不同,37 ℃为其最适生长温度,25 ℃时生长速度最慢;25~34 ℃内无乳链球菌粘附在惰性基质上的菌体对应的吸光值(OD_590nm)之间无显著差异(P>0.05),37 ℃时显著增加,40 ℃时又急剧下降;罗非鱼在人工感染无乳链球菌后各时间点(6、12、24和48 h),鱼体脑组织中菌量随注射菌体培养温度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,且与不同培养温度下的无乳链球菌对罗非鱼的致死率呈正相关;无乳链球菌毒力基因的表达也与培养温度相关,hly和cfb基因的表达量随菌体培养温度的升高先增加后降低,分别在34和37 ℃处达到峰值,不同培养温度下无乳链球菌sip基因表达的变化幅度较小,而scpB基因的表达则随培养温度增加而下降;无乳链球菌对罗非鱼的致死率随其培养温度的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,低温(25和28 ℃)培养条件下的菌体对罗非鱼致死率较低(<20%),37 ℃时致死率最高66.67%±6.67%。以上结果表明温度参与无乳链球菌生长、粘附、转移、入侵和部分毒力基因表达的调控,它们共同影响无乳链球菌对罗非鱼的毒力。