Effects of grazing and rainfall variability on root and shoot decomposition in a semi-arid grassland

Overgrazing increasingly affects large areas of Inner Mongolian semi-arid grasslands. Consequences for ecosystem functions and, in particular, for the decomposition as a key process of ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are still unclear.We studied the effects of grazing on shoot and root decomposition with the litter bag method in a long-term grazing exclosure (UG79), a moderate winter grazed (WG) and a long-term heavily grazed site (HG). We separated the effects of local environmental factors and litter quality as altered by grazing. Growing seasons of average and very low precipitation allowed us to study the effect of inter annual rainfall variability on decomposition.Grazing-induced differences in environmental factors of the three studied grassland sites had no effect on decay rates of shoot and root dry mass. Also differences in litter quality among the grazing sites were not reflected by root decomposition dynamics. The accelerated shoot decay at site HG could not clearly be linked to litter quality parameters. Shoot decay rates were more or less constant, even under very dry conditions. This indicates the possibility of photodegradation (solar UV-B radiation) to control aboveground decomposition in this semi-arid ecosystem. By selecting the best predictors of root decomposition from regression analysis, we found that soil water content was the best parameter explaining the dynamics.Net N immobilization was generally not detected during the decay process of shoot and root. It is likely, when root decomposition is strongly reduced in dry periods, shoot decomposition becomes relatively more important for nutrient cycling. A separate analysis of shoot and root decay dynamics is required in order to describe C and N cycling in this semi-arid grassland. The grazing impact on C and N fluxes through decomposition of plant material likely exhibits a strong interaction with seasonal rainfall pattern.     

果蔬加工学课程案例教学的基本实践

案例教学是教师组织学生进行自主学习,提高学生分析问题和解决问题能力的一种有效教学方法,符合果蔬加工学课程应用型人才培养目标的教学需要。结合自身教学实践,对果蔬加工学课程实施案例教学的必要性和如何具体实施案例教学过程进行了探讨,并对影响该课程案例教学效果的因素进行了分析。     

大豆新品种中黄30种植密度试验

为了探索大豆新品种中黄30在承德地区的最佳种植密度，试验采用回归设计法，设种植密度18.0万、22.5万、27.0万、33.8万、36.0万和45.0万株/hm 2计6个处理，对不同种植密度下的大豆病虫害发生情况和产量进行了分析；并对其种植密度与产量的关系进行了回归分析，建立了回归方程。结果表明：在试验设定的密度范围内，随着种植密度的增大，大豆虫食率、褐斑病率和紫斑病率均呈先降低后升高的变化趋势，其中密度为22.5万株/hm 2时，3种病虫害的发生率均最低，分别为0.4％、0.5％和0.1％；大豆产量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，产量与种植密度的二次回归方程为 Y ＝-2731.4259＋358.9022 X-5.0335X 2。本研究条件下，密度为33.8万株/hm 2时大豆产量最高，为3801.667 kg/hm 2。     

烯效唑和硼肥对杂交小麦制种产量的影响

用种量大,制种产量低是限制杂交小麦大面积推广的关键问题之一。以烯效唑、Openall、硼肥3种化学物质处理小麦不育系,旨在选择提高杂交小麦制种产量的化学物质组合。结果发现,每公顷喷施烯效唑5%粉剂112.5 g和硼砂2 505 g,制种产量可提高22.2%,异交结实率提高6.6个百分点,开颖角度明显增加。     

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in the Heavily Exploited Korean Rockfish,Sebastes schlegeli,in Korea

The Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, is a valuable and intensively exploited species in Korea. We discuss the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four Korean rockfish populations using eight microsatellite loci. In total, 161 different alleles from 138 individuals were observed. Average allele number per locus ranged from 2.5 to 23 and allelic richness varied from 13.38 to 14.63 within a population. Despite a long history of stocking practices, we found very high levels of polymorphism (mean heterozygosity = 0.810), which is comparable to other congeneric species. No significant difference in genetic diversity and molecular genetic variance (F_ST and R_ST) was observed among four local samples (P > 0.1). Little indication of contemporary inbreeding (F_IS= 0.051) or population structure (K = 1) was detected. This absence of differentiation may reflect high levels of gene flow along the coast of Korea. Our study demonstrates that rockfish in Korea should be managed as a single unit. Currently, the species does not appear to be genetically threatened, but the potential for a rapid loss of genetic diversity remains. This information on the genetic characteristics of Korean rockfish populations has important implications for fisheries management and conservation efforts, and will aid in the sustainable exploitation of the fishing resources and the preservation of biodiversity.     

天津市北水南调工程可调水量分析

天津市由于水资源分布不均匀,造成南部地区严重缺水。在不影响北部地区用水的前提下,建设北水南调工程,将北部地区汛期弃水南调,可以缓解南部地区缺水的矛盾,分析北水南调工程的可调水量,以为工程的运行提供资料参考。     

基于可信多数投票的快速概念漂移检测

数据流因具有数据持续到达，概念漂移产生时刻无法预测、概念的数量不确定等特征，使得滑动窗口的大小很难事先确定，滑动窗口包含概念的数量对概念漂移检测存在影响.本文提出了基于可信多数投票的快速概念漂移检测算法（CMV_SEA），该算法使用SEA算法中的基分类器淘汰方法，使用可信多数投票实现滑动窗口中基分类器的集成.仿真实验表明：相比于SEA算法，CMV_SEA算法提高了泛化能力；能在新概念产生的第一时间内检测到概念漂移；对概念漂移的检测能力和新概念的学习能力不受滑动窗口大小的影响.     

钙源及水平对肉仔鸡体内电解质平衡及血脂水平的影响

本文旨在研究采用不同钙源及水平的日粮对肉仔鸡体内电解质平衡及血脂水平的影响.试验采用二因素有重复完全交叉区组设计,选用144只健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只.饲粮采用2种钙源(碳酸钙、氯化钙)、2个钙水平(0.90%、1.15%),试验期28 d.结果表明:①与碳酸钙相比,日粮中氯化钙可降低血清Na++K+-Cl-水平(P<0.05)、提高Cl-水平(P<0.05),降低腹脂率(P<0.05)和血脂水平.②高水平钙可提高血清Ca2+水平(P<0.05).降低腹脂率和血脂水平(P<0.05).③钙源和水平互作对各指标均无显著影响(P>0.05).总之,日粮选用1.15%氯化钙虽对电解质平衡产生了一些影响,但可以较好地降低腹脂率和血脂水平.     

高职骨干院校图书馆的数字资源建设研究

通过对高职骨干院校图书馆的现状调研,分析其数字资源建设的特点,提出高职骨干院校图书馆应当结合学院情况和读者特点,申请专项资金,大力建设数字资源,充分利用共建共享组织,提高读者信息意识,实现数字资源的个性化、集成化服务.     

利用卡那霉素筛选野罂粟转基因植株的技术研究

待供试转基因和非转基因野罂粟植株长至5～7片叶时,用微型喷雾器将不同浓度的卡那霉素溶液均匀喷施于叶片上,结果显示浓度为6.5g/L的处理表现效果最好。对于大田筛选转基因野罂粟,在苗期对叶片喷施6.5g/L卡那霉素溶液喷雾,并对产生黄斑的野罂粟植株进行剔除后,拔节期用7.5g/L卡那霉素溶液连续5d涂抹后,对产生黄斑的植株进行再次剔除,最终得到30株未见黄斑的野罂粟植株,经PCR进行检测后,最终得到8株野罂粟转基因植株。