Size selectivity of Korean flounder (Glyptocephalus stelleri) by gillnets and trammel nets using an extension of SELECT for experiments with differing mesh sizes

In 2008, Korean flounder (Glyptocephalus stelleri) was designated by the Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries as a species for restoration in the coastal waters of Korea. However, there are currently no regulations regarding the minimum landed size of flounder, or the minimum legal mesh size used by the coastal gillnet and trammel net fisheries. Selectivity experiments for gillnets and trammel nets were conducted using commercial vessels in several areas off the eastern coast of Korea between October 2006 and June 2009. The selectivity analysis required an adaption of the SELECT method because trammel net mesh sizes were altered part-way through the experiment. Gillnet and trammel net selectivity was best described using a bi-modal selection curve. The two gears were found to have different selection curves for a given mesh size. The length of maximum retention was similar for the two gears, but the selection curve of the trammel net was substantially wider than that of the gillnet. For the largest size of mesh used in the commercial fishery (8.5 cm stretched), 50% relative retention was estimated to occur at a length of 20.4 cm for the trammel net, and 22.5 cm for the gillnet. In comparison, the length of 50% maturity for this species is approximately 26 cm. As there are currently no size restrictions on landings of Korean flounder, these results suggest that use of these gears may pose a serious threat to local stocks of this species.     

蜡梅花cDNA文库构建及其高频出现脂转移蛋白cDNA的表达

【目的】构建蜡梅花cDNA文库，分析蜡梅脂转移蛋白基因的表达，为探索蜡梅冬季开花分子机理，分离克隆特色基因奠定基础。【方法】以蜡梅花器官为材料，用SMART cDNA Library Construction Kit 构建文库，RT-PCR分析基因表达。【结果】经测定原始文库滴度达到1.4×106 pfu/ml，扩增总文库滴度约为1010pfu/ml，重组率达到96%，插入片段在0.5 kb 以上，平均约1.1 kb，通过PCR 检测，从总文库中检测到了表达丰度不同的蜡梅PI、AP3和LTP基因的特异片段，说明所构建的文库覆盖度高、代表性强，LTP基因具有内含子，而总文库中扩增出的LTP基因不含内含子，说明所构建的cDNA文库无基因组DNA污染， LTP基因在蜡梅开花各个时期均表现较高的转录水平，与EST分析时高频率出现LTP序列的情况相符，证实所构建的文库能够反映蜡梅开花过程基因表达的基本情况。【结论】已获得高质量的蜡梅花cDNA文库，可以用于进一步的基因克隆或EST测序分析，这是首次正式报道蜡梅cDNA文库的构建。LTP基因在蜡梅开花过程中可能具有重要的生物学功能，为探索蜡梅冬季开花分子机理提供了线索。     

The effects of dietary fermented wheat bran polysaccharides on mucosal and serum immune parameters,hepatopancreas antioxidant indicators,and immune-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

Aquaculture research has focused on polysaccharides as they are among the most promising new-generation immunostimulant used to control aquatic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of fermented wheat bran polysaccharides (FWBPs) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Carps were fed different FWBP amounts (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) for 8 weeks and then their skin mucus and serum immune parameters, hepatopancreas antioxidant indicators, and immune-related gene expression in the intestines, kidneys, and spleen were measured. The skin mucus IgM levels significantly increased in 0.1% FWBP group, but decreased in 0.4% FWBP group. The skin mucus protease and the serum alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly in the 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4% FWBP groups, respectively. The serum total Ig levels increased noticeably in the 0.1% and 0.2% FWBP groups. The highest and lowest serum lysozyme activities were observed in the 0.1% and 0.4% FWBP groups, respectively. The hepatopancreatic total superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the 0.1% FWBP group than in the control. The malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in the 0.2% and 0.4% groups. The intestinal mRNA levels of the LZM-C and IL-10 genes were significantly higher in the 0.2% than in the 0.4% FWBP group; TNF-α was significantly upregulated in the 0.1% group. The gene expression in the kidneys did not differ significantly among the treatments, except for a significant increase in the IL-10 expression in the 0.1% treatment. Significantly elevated expression of LZM-C in 0.2% group and IL-10 in 0.1% group was observed in the spleens. TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly downregulated in the 0.4% group. These results suggest that FWBPs could be used as immunostimulant feed additives in common carp cultures.

     

Formation of pyrazines and a novel pyrrole in Maillard model systems of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and 2-oxopropanal

Alkylpyrazines are a very important class of Maillard flavor compounds, but their mechanism of formation is complex and consists of different pathways. The model reaction of 20 different amino acids with 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, as a precursor of 2-oxopropanal, was studied by means of SPME-GC-MS to investigate the involvement of the amino acid side chain in the substitution pattern of the resulting pyrazines. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine was quantitatively the most important pyrazine formed from all of the amino acids. The amino acid side chain is not involved in its formation. The substituents of other less abundant pyrazines resulted mainly from the incorporation of the Strecker aldehyde or aldol condensation products in the intermediate dihydropyrazine. The importance of different reaction mechanisms was evaluated, taking into account the pattern of pyrazines identified. In the solvent extracts of aqueous model reactions of 2-oxopropanal with amino acids, the main reaction product was not a pyrazine but a novel pyrrole. This pyrrole was identified as 2,5-diacetyl-3-methyl-1 H-pyrrole by means of spectral analysis, secured by chemical synthesis. A reaction mechanism for its formation was proposed and evaluated. The influence of various reaction conditions on the formation of 2,5-diacetyl-3-methyl-1 H-pyrrole and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine in the model reaction of alanine with 2-oxopropanal was studied. These results underscore the importance of the ratio of the different reagents and the presence of water in the resulting flavor formation in the Maillard reaction.     

我国政府主导型农民培训存在的问题及解决对策

农民培训是提高农民综合素质的重要手段,而政府在开展农民培训中又扮演着至关重要的角色。文章指出现阶段我国政府主导型农民培训存在的主要问题是政府对农民培训的经费投入不足,尚未建立科学的运行机制以及政府对农民培训的制度供给不足等,提出建立健全农民培训动力机制、管理机制、调节机制以及保障机制等解决对策。     

利用迁移学习进行长时序遥感影像分类的影响因素和策略

长时间序列遥感影像分类是研究区域自然资源和土地利用时空变迁的重要基础.传统的区域长时序遥感影像分类,需要逐景影像选取样本进行分类,存在样本复用性低、人工工作繁复等问题;而迁移学习作为一种将已有知识应用到不同任务中的机器学习方法,可以实现遥感影像特征信息的重复利用.但长时序遥感影像由于时间跨度和物候等差异,地物光谱存在不...     

武汉市桔梗科一物种新记录——卵叶异檐花

报道了武汉市外来入侵植物新记录一种,为桔梗科Campanulaceae异檐花属Triodanis卵叶异檐花Triodanis perfoliata subsp.biflora(Ruiz et Pavon)Lammers。卵叶异檐花原产于美洲,在武汉地区是首次发现,凭证标本保存于长江文明馆(武汉自然博物馆)。     

抗生素与益生素组合饲喂肉鸭效果初探

本试验选用 0日龄樱桃谷肉鸭 6 0 0只 ,随机分为 1 0个组 (9个试验组 1个对照组 ) ,每组 2个重复 ,每个重复 5 0只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素、每个因素三个水平的完全随机设计 ,以研究抗生素 (0～ 7日龄添加 )和益生素 (8～ 35日龄添加 )组合使用对 0～ 35日龄肉鸭生产性能的最佳水平组合。综合生产性能的分析结果表明 :土霉素用 0 1 % ,益生素用 0 0 75 %组合使用饲喂肉鸭的效果最佳。鉴于土霉素已逐渐淘汰 ,其替代品的组合效果待试验     

谈高校管理中的激励技术

在高校的管理过程中,科学地选择激励技术是调动教职工积极性,发挥教职工创造性,质量和办学水平的有效的一从六个方面对此了探讨。     

富硒茶硒的浸出率及其化学性质的研究

研究了高硒土壤茶园、低硒土壤茶园、传统制茶工艺、制茶新工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率、化学性质。结果表明,茶叶含硒量对富硒茶硒的浸出率无显著影响,制茶工艺对茶叶硒的浸出率影响显著,传统工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率为12.40%～19.58%,红茶高于绿茶。笔者采用新工艺生产的富硒茶硒的浸出率为19.41%～29.38%,硒的浸出率提高50%。不同来源的富硒茶中近80%以上的硒为有机硒,并主要呈蛋白质结合态。富硒茶粗蛋白质中胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸的含量随茶叶含硒量提高而增加。不同来源的富硒茶含硒蛋白SDS-电泳带分析表明,富硒茶的化学性质相似,低硒土壤茶园通过施用硒肥,经茶树生物转化生产富硒茶与天然富硒茶无显著差异。