茶枝屑栽培茶薪菇初报

茶薪菇培养料中茶枝屑用量为57．1％的处理，其生物学效率可达70．5％，以茶枝屑为主料生产的茶薪菇与以棉籽壳为主料生产的茶薪菇相比，其氨酸含总量可提高19．8％，其中人体必需氨基酸、儿童必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量分别是提高8．8％、31．6％、39．9％和13．7％。     

膜上灌水技术节水、增产的原因和效益分析

根据膜上灌水技术小区试验、大田推广的实践和经验,论述了膜上灌水技术节水和增产的原因,并以大田棉花膜上灌水推广为实例,进行了经济效益、社会效益、生态效益分析。膜上灌水技术与其它节水措施相比,费省效宏,效益最优。     

新疆额尔齐斯河高体雅罗鱼个体繁殖力研究

新疆额尔齐斯河流域高体雅罗鱼属于自治区二级保护动物,为对其自然群体进行资源修复,于2020年5月,在新疆额尔齐斯河布尔津河段采集高体雅罗鱼117尾,其中雌性Ⅳ期样本53尾,可进行个体繁殖力相关研究。结果表明：繁殖群体由3⁺～7⁺龄个体组成,个体绝对繁殖力为（28 390～97 184）粒,平均为（46 955±14 102）粒;体长相对繁殖力为（97～253）粒·cm^-1,平均为（145±32）粒·cm^-1;体质量相对繁殖力为（70～131）粒·g^-1,平均为（85±11）粒·g^-1;从多元回归分析中可以得出卵巢质量与个体绝对繁殖力和体长相对繁殖力均呈正相关,且卵巢重与个体繁殖力之间的偏相关系数系数高于净体质量、年龄和性腺成熟系数;从最佳拟合方程中可以看出个体绝对繁殖力与卵巢质量的拟合度最高(R²=0.916),关系式为F=1.074 m₀²+153.347 m₀+19 611.041。因此,通过卵巢质量与个体绝对繁殖力的拟合方程可以预测额尔齐斯河流域中高体雅罗鱼自然种群的繁殖能力,从而丰富其繁殖生物学资料,为高体雅罗鱼的资源养护和人工繁育提供科学依据。     

膜下滴灌毛管配置对水分运移及棉花增产效应的影响

研究了棉花膜下滴灌在不同毛管配置、不同滴头流量下在不同质地土壤中水分运移规律及对棉花生长发育、增产效应的关系。结果表明：砂性土壤适宜于以一管二行配置水产比高、增产效果好,从产量结构及产量看,以2．8L／h滴头流量产量最高;粘土以一管四行配置增产效果好、经济效益高,以2．1L／h滴头流量产量最高。     

The effects of pure and undersowing green manures on yields of succeeding spring cereals

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in 2004–2006 to investigate the effect of green manure treatments on the yield of oats and spring barley. In the experiment, different green manure crops with undersowing and pure sowing were compared for amounts of N, C, and organic matter driven into soil and their effect on cereal yield. The spring barley field had a total of 41.7–62.4 kg N ha^?1 and 1.75–2.81 Mg C ha^?1 added to the soil with straw, weed, and roots, depending on the level of fertilisation; with red clover, and both common and hybrid lucerne undersowing, with barley straw and roots, the values were 3.45–3.96 Mg C ha^?1 and 139.9–184.9 kg N ha^?1. Pure sowings of these three leguminous green manure crops had total applications of 3.37–4.14 Mg C ha^?1 and 219.7–236.8 kg N ha^?1. The mixed and pure sowing of bird's-foot trefoil provided considerably less nitrogen and carbon to the soil with the biomass than with the other leguminous crops. Application of biomass with a high C/N ratio reduced the yield of the succeeding spring cereals. Of the green manures, the most effective were red clover and both common and hybrid lucerne, either as undersowing or as pure sowing. Undersowings with barley significantly increased the N supply for the succeeding crop without yield loss of the main crop compared with the unfertilised variant. Compared with ploughing-in of green manure in autumn, spring ploughing gave a 0.2–0.57 Mg ha^?1 larger grain yield.     

Soil compaction effects on soil bulk density and penetration resistance and growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

The weight of the tractor is not the only factor affecting soil compaction. Soil-management practices, such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, also affect soil properties through an increased number of overriding. The aim of the current study was to investigate compaction effects on soil physical properties, such as dry bulk density and penetration resistance, and the growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a monoculture. The five-year experiment was conducted on the Estonian University of Life Sciences’ research field at Eerika, near Tartu in 2001–2005. The soil of the experimental site is sandy loam Stagnic Luvisol. The treatments included were no compaction, one pass, three passes, and six passes. All passes were track-by-track. Measurements of soil and plant were made in the earing phase of barley and measurements of yield in the maturity phase of barley. The compaction treatment was conducted using an MTZ-82 tractor (total weight 4.84 Mg). Neither fertilizers nor herbicides were used. 5 years after compaction distinguishable subsoil and topsoil compaction was detected. Soil deformation increases with the number of passes; in the case of six passes soil bulk density increased by 0.15 Mg m^?3 and penetration resistance by 3 MPa. However, there were no significant differences in the soil bulk density and penetration resistance between treatments compacted with one and three passes. The effect of compaction on soil bulk density was higher when the soil was compacted under wet conditions. Compaction decreased the quantity of barley shoots, their phytomass, and grain yield by more than 80%. In the second year of the experiment the dry weight of above ground biomass decreased by almost three times and shoots’ density by 1.5 times, compared with the first year results. In the third year of the experiment the biomass, plant density, and grain yield of barley were stabilized and no further decreases were detected in the following two experimental years. The results from the experiment revealed that even a low weight tractor can induce subsoil compaction and a high decrease of plant productivity by repeated passes over time.     

Model Test Study on the Preventive Maintenance with Cantilever Scaffold of the Pagoda of Six Harmonies

Pagoda of Six Harmonies is a protected unit of cultural relics in China whose last maintenance dates back to the 1990s. Now Pagoda of Six Harmonies needs to do some preventive maintenance which required protecting the visitors' normal visit. This time a new type of suspension truss cantilever scaffold is used in the engineering. Numerical simulation and 1:1 model load test are employed to prove the serviceability of applying the suspension truss cantilever scaffold to maintain the Pagoda of Six Harmonies. The result of the numerical simulation and the model test is used to comparative study. Comparing the loading performance shows the stress of the members smaller than the structure's critical load intensity. In the meanwhile, the strain and deformation conform to the national standard. Therefore, the scaffold can be applied to the engineering successfully. This paper provides a reliable technical support for the preventive maintenance of the pagoda of Six Harmonies.     

陆地棉组合的经济性状杂种优势分析

以9个陆地棉亲本配置20个杂交组合,对同一亲本的杂交组合平均优势、超亲优势、超标优势进行了分析。结果表明:不同亲本有好的产量性状利用价值,品质性状优势不明显。C2对有效铃、子棉产量有正向作用,C4是一个高产亲本,S2可提高子棉产量、纤维强度和上半部平均长度的表现型值;筛选出了3个综合性状表现优良的组合,提供给生产上应用。     

大涝坝凝析气田单井采气管道预防水合物工艺

大涝坝凝析气田在冬季生产过程中,受环境温度影响,单井井口采气管道因水合物堵塞严重影响安全生产.针对大涝坝凝析气田单井采气管道水合物堵塞管道及防治工艺现状,采用HydrateVersion 5.3软件对水合物形成温度进行预测,对防治水合物工艺措施进行优化.研究结果表明：在6 MPa运行压力下,冬季实际温度低于预测水合物形成温度16.715℃,采气树井口立管及采气管道弯头部位易形成水合物.加注质量分数10％～15％的甲醇,预测水合物形成温度为10.11～12.68℃.通过在DLK6井采用中频感应加热技术,当输入电流为20 A时,监测到加热管段末端流动介质温度为18.7℃,高于预测水合物形成温度16.715℃.通过加注甲醇和采用中频感应技术均可以有效地预防水合物的形成.     

大型公路工程生态环境影响的综合评价

用系统工程的观点和统计学的思想,建立了大型公路工程(国道216线)对生态与环境影响的综合评价指标体系。生态与环境受影响程度的等级划分和评价标准,应用权重累和模型,得出了综合评价结果,并筛选出对工程影响反映最敏感的环境因素。