H2CN2和CaCN2对酿酒葡萄萌芽开花及成熟期的影响

试验于2001年10月—2002年8月在攀枝花进行。处理药剂及其浓度为16.7%CaCN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2+1%吐温80;处理时期为12月25日、1月10日、1月25日。最佳处理时间是1月10日;最佳处理组合是1.0% H2CN2 + 1.0%吐温80,霞多丽、佳美、梅尔诺、黑虎香分别提前萌芽16、13、11、4d;提前成熟17、13、14、6d;提高萌芽率4%、12%、17%、9%;芽眼成枝率提高40%、29%、37%、12%;提高果枝率为9%、8%、28%、4%,提高结果系数7%、7%、37%、3%。不同品种对处理反应有差异,对照黑虎香有药害现象。     

栽培小菊与野生菊间杂交一代的细胞遗传学初步研究

观察了栽培菊中的药用菊品种滁菊（６ｘ）和观赏小菊品种小黄菊（４ｘ）与野生菊中的野菊（４ｘ）和毛华菊（６ｘ）间Ｆ１在减数分裂中期Ｉ（ＭＩ）花粉母细胞（ＰＭＣ）的染色体配对构型。结果表明野菊、毛华菊与该两个栽培小菊品种间亲缘关系可能较近。野菊或其近缘种是滁菊两个染色体组的供体,但可能存在染色体组间易位或其它控制染色体配对的基因。     

干旱胁迫下新源1号新疆野苹果抑制性差减文库的构建与初步分析

为分离和鉴定新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii Roem.)根组织干旱胁迫条件下差异表达的基因,以苗龄为3个月的新源1号新疆野苹果水培苗为材料,应用20%PEG 6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)的方法构建了新疆野苹果根组织干旱胁迫诱导表达差减文库(正库)和抑制表达差减文库(反库).正库和反库随机各挑菌500个,菌落PCR显示插入片段在250~1000 bp之间.测序鉴定后共得到268个有效UniESTs.经Blastx和Blastn等生物信息学方法分析表明全部的UniESTs按可能的生物学功能可被分为16个大类,包括新陈代谢、能量、转录、蛋白质合成、蛋白质修饰降解、DNA加工、细胞信号转导等.     

Variation of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in poplar plantations of different genotypes and stem spacings

To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial.Soil enzyme activities, in most cases,were significantly higher in topsoil(0–10 cm) than in lower horizons(10–20 cm).Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend.Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not.Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5×5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings.The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6×6 m spacing.At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings.Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone.The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern.Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01).Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities.Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity.     

基于GIS的城镇发展适宜性与区域经济发展情况的耦合关系——以武汉市黄陂区为例

为了研究城市发展适宜性与经济发展水平的关系,以湖北省黄陂区为例,从自然适宜度、区位适宜度、生态适宜度和土地转换适宜度4个方面共10个因子层构建了综合评价指标体系。应用GIS技术,通过采用层次分析法（AHP）与专家打分法综合确定因子指标权重与量化标准,评价了研究区的城市建设用地生态适宜性,从经济发展水平的角度分析了城镇发展适宜性与区域经济发展情况的耦合关系。结果表明:区域经济发展水平与区域内各级城镇发展适宜性用地的占比紧密相关,适宜城镇发展的用地占比越大,其经济发展水平越高。      

吉林省东部半山区“四密25”玉米产量构成因素的浅析

四密25是优质高产适应性较强的玉米品种,虽创造出吉林省东部半山区15000kg/hm2的高产记录,但产量波动(7500～15000kg/hm2)较大。为进一步研究其高产稳产的构成因素,1994-2004年,在吉林省东部半山区桦甸市5个乡镇,应用四密25分别进行了品种比较、高产攻关、覆膜种植与裸地种植、不同施肥量、施肥方法、播种方法、播种时期、不同密度及等离子体处理种子的剂量、次数、播种期、化肥利用率的试验。通过对上述各项试验的194份材料统计分析,明确了四密25构成产量模型的3个主导因素为千粒重、穗粒数、公顷穗数。根据回归分析理论,计算出产量与3个主导因素之间的模型,为今后吉林省东部半山区四密25高产稳产提供理论依据。     

Effects of Armillariella tabescens mycelia on the growth performance and intestinal immune response and microflora of early‐weaned pigs

This study was performed to evaluate effects of Armillariella tabescens (A. tabescens) on the growth performance and intestinal immune response and microflora in early‐weaned pigs when used as feed additive. A. tabescens mycelia were added to basal diets at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.9% (w/w). A total of 144 commercial cross‐bred piglets were randomly allocated to one of these four diets and fed for 30 days. The growth performance of early‐weaned piglets displayed improvement with diets containing 0.1% and 0.3% dried mycelia powder from A. tabescens. Supplementing with 0.1% or 0.3% A. tabescens mycelia induced a 2.6‐ and three‐fold increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the jejunal mucosa, respectively, but had only a marginal effect on sIgA in the ileal mucosa. Expression of interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the jejunal mucosa were elevated with A. tabescens mycelia administration. Increased amounts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the jejunum, and decreased amounts of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and ileum were observed with the administration of A. tabescens‐containing diets. This study demonstrated that A. tabescens had beneficial effects on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of early‐weaned pigs.     

滇东岩溶山地不同类型云南松林地土壤团聚体稳定性差异

[目的]研究滇东岩溶山地不同类型云南松林地土壤团聚体稳定性差异,为岩溶脆弱生境土壤培肥、质量提升、水土固持提供依据。[方法]通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了滇东岩溶山地云南松纯林、云南松人工混交林、云南松天然混交林、灌丛和原生林5种植被类型水稳性团聚体及团聚体有机碳分布特征,揭示不同类型云南松林团聚体稳定性差异。[结果]①云南松纯林、人工混交林和天然混交林的0.25 mm粒径质量分数(5.77%～9.39%)显著低于灌丛(20.92%)和原生林(27.47%)(p0.05),且人工混交林和天然混交林5 mm,2～5 mm粒径质量分数高于纯林。②湿筛处理的0.25 mm水稳性团聚体比例(R_(0.25))排序为:人工混交林天然混交林纯林灌丛原生林;平均重量直径(MWD)排序为:人工混交林天然混交林原生林灌丛纯林;几何平均直径(GMD)排序为:人工混交林天然混交林原生林纯林灌丛;分形维数(D)排序为:原生林灌丛纯林天然混交林人工混交林。③纯林、人工混交林、天然混交林的大粒级团聚体(0.25 mm)对土壤有机碳的贡献率高于小粒级团聚体(0.25 mm),且5,2～5,0. 25 mm粒径水稳性土壤团聚体有机碳含量均显著小于灌丛、原生林(p0.05)。[结论]云南松人工混交林的土壤团聚体稳定性最高,其养分积累和固碳能力低于灌丛和原生林,高于纯林,作为该区域水土保持的主要植被类型时需要避免人为干扰以提高土壤养分。     

根系伸展范围对小麦、油菜耐缺锰能力的影响

在水旱轮作的缺锰土壤上,采用耐缺锰能力具有明显差异的两个小麦品种和两个油菜品系,通过限制植株根系下扎的田间网袋试验方法研究了根系伸展范围与小麦、油菜耐缺锰能力的关系。试验结果表明,将植株根系限制在耕作层导致小麦出现典型的缺锰症,分蘖减少,减产严重。同小麦相比,油菜所受的影响较小,两个品系油菜全生育期均未出现缺锰症,减产幅度也比小麦轻得多。这一结果说明,小麦的耐缺锰能力在很大程度上取决于对中下部土层淀积锰的吸收利用能力,即与根系伸展范围有非常密切的关系;而限制根系下扎对油菜的锰营养状况影响相对较小,即根系伸展范围的差异并不是油菜耐缺锰能力明显高于小麦的主要原因。     

哒嗪硫磷对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂植物表面降解的影响

在棉花茶叶大田用哒嗪硫磷分别与3种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂混合喷施,哒嗪硫磷显著促进氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯在2种植物表面的降解。施药后经过1个夏季光照日,混用比未混用处理的降解率在棉花上增大5.1—29.7%,在茶叶上增大19.0—32.2%。这种加速降解的效应随哒嗪硫磷浓度增大而加强。哒嗪硫磷的混用也影响3种拟菊酯杀虫剂在棉叶上的原始沉积量,使之降低9.8—27.2%。