甜菜总DNA不同提取方法的研究

采用CTAB法、SDS法、改进CTAB法和改进SDS法提取甜菜总DNA,并对提取得到的DNA进行质量鉴定和PCR扩增效果检测.结果表明：用改进的CTAB法提取的甜菜总DNA OD260/OD280在1.8左右,DNA纯度好,产率高,CTAB法和改进的SDS法产率次之,SDS法最低.同时对改进的CTAB法的提取条件进行优化,即用5.0 mL细胞提取液,0.8 mL无水乙醇, 0.6倍体积的异丙醇,可从1.0 g甜菜叶片中提取到高质量高纯度的DNA 764 μg/g.     

Neoformed aragonite in clay soils on Keuper materials from east-central Spain

Fibrous radial aragonite nodules occur in a toposequence developed in the Triassic (Keuper) in a subhumid mediterranean climate (Soria, Spain). Neoformation in situ of the nodules in these soils is proposed, on micromorphological and physico-chemical grounds, such as their fragility, the inclusion of material from the groundmass, their occurrence along cracks and their high Mg: Ca ratio.     

Pituitary adenoma predisposition caused by germline mutations in the AIP gene

Pituitary adenomas are common in the general population, and understanding their molecular basis is of great interest. Combining chip-based technologies with genealogy data, we identified germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene in individuals with pituitary adenoma predisposition (PAP). AIP acts in cytoplasmic retention of the latent form of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and also has other functions. In a population-based series from Northern Finland, two AIP mutations account for 16% of all patients diagnosed with pituitary adenomas secreting growth hormone and for 40% of the subset of patients who were diagnosed when they were younger than 35 years of age. Typically, PAP patients do not display a strong family history of pituitary adenoma; thus, AIP is an example of a low-penetrance tumor susceptibility gene.     

提高烤烟上部叶可用性研究进展

提高烤烟上部叶的可用性成为提高烟草整体经济效益、保证烟草行业可持续发展的重要课题之一。传统研究只从影响上部烟叶可用性的一个角度或者几个角度进行研究,缺乏系统性,不能建立一套完整的提高上部烟叶可用性的综合技术措施。综述了品种、生态环境因素、农业栽培技术措施、成熟度、调制方法、化学调控、经济调控等7个方面对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响,并就进一步的研究提出展望,以其为提高我国烤烟上部叶可用性提供理论依据。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION AND ORDINATION OF SOIL PROFILES IN A LOCALITY NEAR OXFORD

Data for 85 soil profiles, located at random within 17 physiographic units in a 1,000 km² area near Oxford, and each characterized by 37 properties, were analysed by two sets of multivariate techniques. Principal component analysis yielded two components accounting for 44 per cent of the total variation, and the distribution of the profiles along these components is plotted as a scatter diagram (ordination). Similarity analysis and hierarchical grouping (classification) were performed using three different similarity indices, two different standardization techniques, and three different sorting strategies. Before analysis the profiles were classified by two pedologists, independently using their judgement. For the Brown Earths there was moderately good agreement between the results of the two prior classifications and between them and those produced by the several numerical procedures. The degree of clustering was slight and much less than imagined prior to analysis. For the Gleys there was no evident clustering. Different numerical procedures gave different results, as also did the two prior classifications. Pedologists faced with difficult classificatory decisions cannot look to any hierarchical clustering strategy as arbiter, though they should get guidance from a principal component plot.     

Pup Growth Rates and Breeding Female Weight Changes in Two Populations of Captive Bred Degus (Octodon degus), a Precocial Caviomorph Rodent

Caviomorph rodents are renowned for comparatively long gestations and producing relatively precocious offspring. The degu (Octodon degus) is one such caviomorph, originating in central Chile and providing communal pup care within wild groups. Reported are pup growth data for two populations of captive bred degus in Britain and Chile (representing wild populations), for the first time analysing pup development over the postpartum and weaning period in detail. Pups in both colonies were found to be similarly precocial at birth as assessed by open eyes and presence of full body hair. Degu pups in the British colonies put on weight at a rate of 2–3 g/day, while pups in the Chilean colonies put on weight at a rate of 1–2 g/day over the first 14 days. At birth, individual neonates weighed 5 ± 1% of maternal mass for the British sample and 6 ± 0.5% for the Chilean sample. Sexual dimorphism occurred in the weight and growth rates of pups in both samples, despite the lack of sexual dimorphism in adults of the species. Data for breeding female weight changes were also analysed, providing the first reported observations for this crucial period. Pregnant female weight gain was found to vary over the course of gestation, and post partum weight changes varied significantly between breeding females in accordance with litter size.     

表面活性剂辅助的甲硫氨酸和色氨酸叶面喷施对芥蓝生长及菜薹芥子油苷组分和含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷的合成前体甲硫氨酸和色氨酸单独及配合表面活性剂叶面喷施对芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L.)生长及菜薹中芥子油苷组分和含量的影响。结果表明,各处理对芥蓝生长指标及芥子油苷组分无显著影响,在芥蓝菜薹中均检测到7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷。与喷施清水对照相比,甲硫氨酸、色氨酸单独叶面喷施及表面活性剂辅助的色氨酸叶面喷施,对芥蓝菜薹总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷含量和总吲哚族芥子油苷含量均无显著影响。表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施处理中菜薹总芥子油苷和总脂肪族芥子油苷含量比清水对照处理分别提高28.5%和31.9%,其中在11种芥子油苷中脂肪族芥子油苷3-丁烯基芥子油苷含量提高幅度最大,达到44.3%,同时表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施显著提高了芥蓝菜薹全硫含量并降低了氮硫比(N/S)。本试验结果表明,有效供给甲硫氨酸能明显促进脂肪族芥子油苷的合成和积累,而辅之以表面活性剂能增进叶面对甲硫氨酸的吸收效果,其影响机理还有待进一步研究。     

不同蛋白质水平补饲料对早期断奶犊牦牛生产性能和胃肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在探究不同蛋白质水平补饲料对3月龄早期断奶犊牦牛生产性能、血液指标和胃肠道发育的影响。选取3月龄(90±5)日龄]健康大通母犊牦牛48头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头。对照组犊牛全放牧,试验组犊牛在放牧基础上分别补饲不同蛋白质水平(粗蛋白质水平分别17%、18%、19%)的3种等能量(增重净能5.6 MJ/kg)饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,补饲能够显著提高犊牦牛的平均日增重,17%、18%和19%补饲组分别提高了28.87%、47.47%和28.61%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,补饲显著提高了血清尿素氮浓度(P0.05),17%、18%和19%补饲组分别增加了10.57%、16.64%、21.84%(P0.05)。3)与对照组组相比,补饲料粗蛋白质水平为18%时,显著提高了瘤胃和大肠的绝对重量和相对重量(P0.05),显著提高了十二指肠、盲肠、结肠的绒毛高度以及十二指肠和盲肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。因此,补饲能够提高早期断奶母犊牦牛生产性能和促进胃肠道发育,早期断奶母犊牦牛的补饲料的适宜粗蛋白质水为18%。