小麦芽制备过程中品种间极限糊精酶活力的变化

以26个小麦品种(系)为材料,研究了不同品种小麦芽制备过程中极限糊精酶活力的变化.结果表明,小麦芽极限糊精酶活力均随发芽天数的增加而增大至最大值,不同品种同一发芽阶段的小麦芽酶活力差别较大;品种间达到酶活最高值所需的发芽时间略有差异,且其最高值在品种间差异显著.     

刺五加生境与药用成分含量关系的研究进展

通过文献检索刺五加生境、栽培、光合等对药用成分含量影响研究的相关论文并进行分析总结,讨论生境与刺五加药用成分含量的关系及最佳栽培模式.得知刺五加在野生生境下,黄酮含量与光照呈明显相关,含量呈季节性变化,春秋高,夏季低;皂苷类成分含量则随光强的增大而降低,无季节性变化;其它成分含量无明显的季节变化.较适宜的生境为60%～70%光照,黄酮类与皂苷类均可获得较好的含量与产量.利用不同的栽培密度或遮荫调节光照强度,进行仿生栽培或野生抚育,创造适宜刺五加生活生长的环境条件,并根据其各有效成分在不同部位及不同时期的含量差异,来确定刺五加适宜生产模式及采收期,将有助于刺五加人工栽培产量和药效成分含量的提高.     

Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein to energy ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial average weight of 0.09 ± 0.002 g, mean ± SE). Twelve practical test diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (300, 340, 380 and 420 g kg^?1) and three lipid levels (50, 75 and 100 g kg^?1). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps per tank (260 L). The water temperature was 28.5 ± 2 °C and the salinity was 28 ± 1 g L^?1 during the experimental period. The results showed that the growth was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Shrimps fed the diets containing 300 g kg^?1 protein showed the poorest growth. However, shrimp fed the 75 g kg^?1 lipid diets had only slightly higher growth than that fed 50 g kg^?1 lipid diets at the same dietary protein level, and even a little decline in growth with the further increase of dietary lipid to 100 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed the diet with 420 g kg^?1protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid had the highest specific growth rate. However, shrimp fed the diet with 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid showed comparable growth, and had the highest protein efficiency ratio, energy retention and feed efficiency ratio among dietary treatments. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum of shrimp increased with increasing dietary lipid level at the same dietary protein level. Body lipid and energy increased with increasing dietary lipid level irrespective of dietary protein. Results of the present study showed that the diet containing 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid with digestible protein/digestible energy of 21.1 mg kJ^?1 is optimum for L. vannamei, and the increase of dietary lipid level has not efficient protein‐sparing effect.     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

基于元胞自动机模型的土地利用情景模拟与驱动力分析

土地利用格局的形成过程比其最终形成的结果更为重要。本文以哈尔滨市双城区为例,利用不同时期的土地利用数据,在土地利用变化关键驱动因素分析的基础上,选取了对土地利用变化影响较大的距离变量、邻近土地利用类型数量、单元自然属性、社会经济因素等4方面14个驱动力因子,建立了基于元胞自动机(CA)与人工神经网络(ANN)相结合的土地利用空间格局模拟模型。在此基础上,对研究区自然禀赋、社会经济快速发展、基本农田保护及土地利用规划等不同情景驱动机制下的土地利用空间格局进行了时空模拟,以此解析土地利用变化过程与驱动力因素的响应关系。模拟结果显示：自然禀赋情景下,各地类变化趋势与现在保持一致;在社会经济快速发展情景下,建设用地面积增加明显,主要由旱地和其他用地转入;在基本农田保护情景下,耕地面积比较稳定,各地类变化趋势较为缓和;在土地利用规划情景下,各地类变化较为合理,兼顾耕地保护和经济发展。研究结果显示,该方法对哈尔滨市双城区土地利用格局变化的驱动机制具有较好的解释作用。     

塔里木河下游生态环境对输水的积极响应

塔里木河下游是我国西部生态与环境问题最为突出的地区.由于人类不合理的资源开发,导致该地区生态问题日益突出.本文结合塔里木河下游5次生态输水,通过3年对输水后生态环境变化的监测,就塔里木河下游生态环境对输水的积极响应进行了分析.结果显示:(1)生态输水后地下水位在时间上和空间上各有其变化规律,在时间上近河道水位响应快,远河道水位响应慢.在空间上距河道不同距离和不同河段上地下水上升的幅度不同.(2)输水后天然植被的响应主要表现在植被种类和植被盖度的增加上;(3)鉴于输水后生态响应的范围仍然较小,因此输水工程还应该继续进行并适当调整输水的方式.     

甘薯抗疮痂病多胺与吲哚乙酸代谢的研究

研究不同抗性甘薯品种受疮痂病菌侵染前后多胺和吲哚乙酸代谢变化结果表明 ,感染疮痂病菌后抗病与感病品种甘薯叶片中吲哚乙酸含量和多胺氧化酶活性降低 ,多胺总量及腐胺含量增加 ,腐胺 / (精胺 亚精胺 )比值升高 ,感病品种变化幅度高于抗病品种。疮痂病菌侵入后感病品种甘薯叶片中绿原酸含量下降 ,吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性升高 ,而抗病品种则相反。     

关于提高称重法木材含水率测算精度的探讨

该文以兴安落叶松为研究对象,探讨了试件锯解时因摩擦热造成的水分损失,试件在烘箱中烘干时间过长而产生的热分解,试件带热称重时重量传感器的温度效应等因素对采用称重法检测木材含水率的测量精度的影响;试验获得了相应的修正公式,对多片试件平均含水率的传统计算法进行了修正.研究表明:锯解时木材水分损失对称重法测量精度的影响程度随含水率升高而增大;过长时间在烘箱中的热分解,带热称重时重量传感器的温度效应等对称重法测量精度除极精确的研究外,可以忽略.     

基于植被指数的烤烟精准追肥研究

为提高多光谱影像氮素营养诊断的应用性,以烤烟为研究对象,设置了6个不同氮素水平的田间试验,定期拍摄烤烟生长的多光谱影像,测试植株的氮素含量,分析了不同植被指数(NDVI、GNDVI、LCI、NDRE、OSAVI)与传统氮素指标之间的相关性、最佳植被指数对施氮量的响应。研究结果表明：在移栽50 d前后为烤烟监测的最佳时段,各植被指数对单株氮含量指标最为敏感,最终确定了植被指数指导田间追肥的判断标准N_now=1911NDVI-1345.1,为大范围内作物的高质量追肥提供了新思路及关键技术支持。     

蛋、奶中甲硝唑残留检测的高效液相色谱法研究

建立鸡蛋、牛奶中甲硝唑残留检测的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。样品中甲硝唑用乙酸乙酯提取、浓缩后用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(2∶1)溶解,Silica(SiO2)固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干,流动相溶解,HPLC测定。固定相为C18色谱柱,流动相为pH 4.3醋酸缓冲液∶乙腈(88∶12,V/V),紫外检测波长325 nm。该方法可检出鸡蛋、牛奶中甲硝唑的最低定量限为1μg/kg,在空白样品添加浓度为1μg/kg时,鸡蛋、牛奶中甲硝唑的平均回收率分别为69%和75%,日间变异系数均小于15%。产蛋鸡连续饲喂含甲硝唑(250 mg/kg)饲料1周,用所建方法可检测到停药后14 d内鸡蛋中原药及代谢物残留。结果表明,该方法的样品处理方法简单,最低定量限、回收率和变异系数符合兽药残留检测方法要求。