国审小麦新品种郑麦004综合表现及利用前景分析

2年多点区试表明,郑麦004丰产稳产、适应性较广,平均比对照豫麦49号增产2.96%;具有分蘖力较强、成穗率高、穗粒数较多、产量三要素协调、品质优、综合抗逆力强等特点,是一个适合黄淮南片麦区及河南省大面积生产水平早、中茬种植的半冬性、丰产稳产、广适性小麦新品种,有较广阔的利用前景。     

Effect of Moisture Content on Melilotus suaveolens Seed Quality During Ultra-drying Storage

In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents(MC),respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy(GE),germination percen...     

Injuries and deformities in fish: their potential impacts upon aquacultural production and welfare

Fish can be the recipients of numerous injuries that are potentially deleterious to aquacultural production performance and welfare. This review will employ a systematic approach that classifies injuries in relation to specific anatomical areas of the fish and will evaluate the effects of injury upon production and welfare. The selected areas include the (1) mouth, (2) eye, (3) epidermis and (4) fins. These areas cover a large number of external anatomical features that can be injured during aquacultural procedures and husbandry practices. In particular, these injuries can be diagnosed on live fish, in a farm environment. For each anatomical feature, this review addresses (a) its structure and function and (b) defines key injuries that can affect the fish from a production and a welfare perspective. Particular attention is then given to (c) defining known and potential aquacultural risk factors before (d) identifying and outlining potential short- and long-term farming practices and mitigation strategies to reduce the incidence and prevalence of these injuries. The review then concludes with an analysis of potential synergies between risk factors the type of injury, in addition to identifying potential synergies in mitigation strategies. The paper covers both aquaculture and capture-based aquaculture.     

枫香采脂试验研究

采用V字形下降法对枫香树进行采脂试验研究,主要考察了采脂季节、枫香树胸径、树龄、采割高度、割沟频率等因素对产脂量的影响。结果表明,7、8、9三个月为产脂量较高月份;30cm以上胸径的树产脂量更高;树皮黑色、有裂纹、30年以上的枫香树产指率更高;第一对割沟高度在1．5m的树产脂量更高;15天割一次沟的产脂量更高等。采用V字形下降法进行枫香树采脂是可行的。     

Insecticidal effects of the powdery formulation based on clay and essential oil from the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clausena anisata</Emphasis> (Willd.) J. D. Hook ex. Benth. (Rutaceae) against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthoscelides obtectus</Emphasis> (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The bioefficacies of essential oil and aromatized clay powder based on the mixture of clay and essential oil extracted from Clausena anisata were evaluated for their insecticidal activities and their effects on progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus. Contact toxicity assayed by coating on bean grains showed that these chemicals caused significant mortality of the test insect. Beetle mortality was dose dependant and after 2-day exposure the aromatized clay powder was more toxic (LD₅₀ = 0.069 μl/g grain) than the pure essential oil (LD₅₀ = 0.081 μl/g grain). There was, however, a highly significant loss of toxicity after 24 and 36 h following treatment with essential oil and aromatized powder, respectively. Both aromatized clay powder and pure essential oil considerably reduced the F₁ progeny insect production. The essential oil evoked moderated repellent action and high fumigant toxicity (LC₅₀ = 0.093 μl/cm³) against adults of A. obtectus. These results suggest that the clay powder could be used to stabilize the essential oil to increase its efficacy for use as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.     

Genetic structure in Atlantic brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations in the Iberian peninsula: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis

Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) was sampled in rivers belonging to three different Spanish basins in order to analyse the distribution of genetic variability. The genetic analysis was performed by using two systems and techniques: nuclear DNA was screened through random amplified polymorphic DNAs (screening 2 × 10⁵ bp of the whole genome), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through sequencing of the hypervariable control region. Genetic distances between the populations were similar using either analysis although some differences arise. For example, some populations of the Tajo basin were very close through nuclear analysis but more distant using mtDNA. Differences between the two DNA sources could be the result of a different evolutionary rate, and the fact that mtDNA is maternally transmitted and differences in sex migration rates will influence the patterns of genetic variation between the transmitted DNAs. Total variation was partitioned using amova showing a clear subdivision among basins although intrapopulation variation remained as high as 62%. A correspondence analysis defined the differences in a three‐dimensional way, clustering the populations according to their common basin. When mtDNA was sequenced, higher variability was noted in the segment between 400 and 600bp of the whole D‐loop sequence, suggesting that these 200bp improved the analysis of the variability more than sequencing the t‐RNA ends of the control region. A comparison was made between the t‐RNA^Pro ends of the 10 populations screened here and the rest of the published sequences found in the literature, leading to a concentration of these populations in group IV which includes all trouts which originate in the Atlantic. The analyses performed suggest that a high genetic variability is present in all populations and that although there has been a probable interference from stocked strains introduced to increase population density, this was only detectable through the variance between rivers which reflect different policies according to the region where the basin is located. However, the genetic analysis using the two approaches allows the control of the natural populations avoiding a loss of their genetic potential.     

以水环境治理为中心的四湖流域综合治理探讨

四湖流域水环境恶化已影响到当地生产和群众生活,并已引起湖北省各级政府的重视。论述了四湖流域治理的必要性,通过总结有关历史经验教训提出了综合治理的基本原则,介绍了综合治理的主要内容和当前治理中采取的主要措施以及初步效果。