一起群发性产蛋下降蛋鸡的病理学诊断

新疆昌吉市某鸡场因蛋鸡群发性产蛋下降,于是该养殖户给新疆农业大学病理实验室送检蛋鸡6只,希望给出病理学诊断。为了探明病因,笔者对送检蛋鸡进行了病理剖检,结果发现的共同病变是颈侧部出现结节病灶,气管环出血,肠道点状至斑状出血。为了进一步探明病因,笔者采集了心、肝、脾、肺、肾、输卵管、肠道、颈侧部黄白色结节病灶等制作病理切片,进行病理组织观察,结果发现特征性肉芽肿、肠道黏膜固有层大量的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润、输卵管炎等病理变化。综合病理剖检及病理组织学特征,初步诊断为禽结核,继发寄生虫感染。     

种植土在上海迪士尼乐园园林绿化中的应用研究

随着我国城市化进程的快速发展,城市绿化的立地条件(土壤)正遭受着人为破坏或人为构建,导致了"城市人均绿化面积稳步提高"与"城市绿化立地条件缺乏或恶劣"之间的矛盾日渐加重,亟需开展适宜城市绿化的种植土研究.现以种植土在上海迪士尼乐园一期绿化中的应用为例,对种植土的生产和应用进行了介绍,以期为我国其他城市的土地开发和园林绿...     

异源四倍体花粉授粉解决永嘉早香柚内裂的研究

以13a生的土柚砧永嘉早香柚为试材,用HR、SR二种异源四倍体花粉、土柚花粉分别对其进行授粉,研究永嘉早香柚的裂瓣控制和综合品质的提高。结果表明,用SR、HR花粉授粉不但使永嘉早香柚的裂瓣问题得到有效解决,而且使果实匀称度、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可食率都显著提高,同时,还能使果肉柔软、瘪子。相比较HR效果好于SR。土柚授粉虽然裂瓣问题基本解决,但却使永嘉早香柚由少子变成严重多子,可食率下降,肉质粗糙,果皮增厚。异源四倍体HR授粉对解决永嘉早香柚的裂瓣效果和综合品质提高,效果好于目前推行的各种方法,包括常规的异花授粉、栽培管理措施的改进等。     

玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

2.5%氟铃脲·甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂的研制

本文介绍2.5%氟铃脲·甲维盐微乳剂的研制,简述了该微乳剂的特点、配方选择、贮藏稳定性等试验结果,表明该微乳剂较乳油成本低、药效好、使用安全,具有良好开发前景。     

橘小实蝇一种重要的寄生蜂-凡氏费氏茧蜂

橘小实蝇寄生蜂凡氏费氏茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)隶属膜翅目小茧蜂科潜蝇茧蜂亚科,是田间控制橘小实蝇的优势蜂种,在国外田间控制橘小实蝇已获得巨大成功,而国内应用寄生蜂田间控制橘小实蝇尚属空白。本研究室在研究中发现田间已有凡氏费氏茧蜂F.vandenbosch定殖,并室内繁殖成功。本文详细地描述了该寄生蜂的特征,旨在为田间应用奠定基础。     

玉米粗缩病抗性遗传研究

 本文选用3个抗病自交系(齐319、X178、沈137)和3个感病自交系(掖107、掖478、沈5003)按照NCII交配设计配制9套杂交组合研究了玉米抗粗缩病遗传规律。2009-2010年在曲阳、保定采用田间自然发病方法鉴定亲本、F₁、F₂群体的玉米粗缩病抗性,并采用灰飞虱人工接种方法鉴定亲本材料的抗病性。运用QGA station 软件的加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)遗传模型进行数据分析,结果表明,显性效应和加性效应是控制玉米粗缩病抗性的主要遗传组分,分别占表型变异的44.8%和13.1%,杂合显性效应表现负向杂种优势,抗病育种可加以利用。加性×加性上位性效应在玉米自交系和杂交组合抗粗缩病遗传中普遍存在,但因材料不同而表现负向或正向效应。玉米粗缩病抗性易受环境影响,显性与环境互作效应方差占表型方差的比率为39.8%,达到极显著水平。因此,培育抗粗缩病玉米品种应依据基因型选配适当的亲本材料,抗病品种宜进行多年多点鉴定筛选。     

绕流波动特性对不同区域流动传热影响

为研究换热设备后向台阶内置圆柱模型的强化传热机理,采用Fluent进行数值模拟,并通过PIV粒子图像测速方法验证模拟结果的可靠性.研究雷诺数为700后向台阶内置圆柱(X_c/S=0.6,Y_c/S=1.0,d=6 mm)时,后向台阶流道不稳定流动的周期性,以及周期波动对流道不同区域传热的影响.研究结果表明：在过渡流状态下,流道周期速度波动受两基波频率影响,即台阶影响的频率f_s=7.25 Hz和受圆柱影响的频率f_c=14.10 Hz;f_c主要作用在流道上游局部区域,上游回流运动被破坏,努赛尔数瞬时峰值提高2.52倍;f_c促进台阶振动频率f_s提前产生,下游温度梯度减小,瞬时努赛尔数逐渐减小;台阶分离流体与圆柱尾流共同作用使得流道换热效果整体提升,同时壁面摩擦系数也增大.     

农业科技宣传的形式、特点与管理问题探讨

介绍了农业科技宣传的主要形式及其特点,分析了农业科技宣传的运行及存在问题,提出了通过学习提高政策水平和科技水平、建立健全监督机制和鼓励全社会关注农业科技宣传的建议.