甘蓝型油菜新型不育源的发现及其初步研究

１９９４年油菜花期,在一甘蓝型油菜材料中发现了１株天然雄性不育株。与可育株相比,不育株开花较晚,花蕾较小,花序基部的花蕾有黄化脱落现象,雄蕊退化,不育非常彻底,花药无花粉,而雌蕊正常。遗传研究表明,该不育性状受一对核基因控制,不育对可育为显性。讨论了其在轮回选择、杂交、回交、复交育种中的利用潜力。     

麦谷蛋白Glu-1和Glu-3位点基因等位变异对籽粒聚合体蛋白粒度分布的影响

用单向一步ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ方法分析表明小麦品种Ｓｕｎｅｃａ和Ｃｏｏｋ在麦谷蛋白５个亚基位点均含不同等位基因,选用Ｓｕｎｅｃａ×Ｃｏｏｋ的Ｆ４代群体中在麦谷蛋白亚基位点均为纯合基因的６０个系,研究麦谷蛋白亚基位点基因等位变异对小麦籽粒聚合体蛋白粒度大小分布的影响。     

小麦-黑麦异易位系M8003麦谷蛋白电泳分析

通过对染色体工程法培育出的小麦新品种M8003及其亲本种子的麦谷蛋白进行SDS—PAGE分析,结果表明:M8003麦谷蛋白的绝大部分亚基组成与其回交亲本“中国春”相似,而其第6,7,8三个亚基条带与非回交亲本奥地利黑麦的第5,6,7三个亚基条带带型相同,说明M8003麦谷蛋白的6,7,8三种亚基是来自奥地利黑麦染色体基因编码的,进一步证明了M8003属于小麦—黑麦异易位系的细胞学鉴定结果。     

小偃6号HMW-GS表达动态研究

以小偃 6号为试验材料 ,在其开花至成熟期 ,每隔 2～ 4d采收 1次籽粒 ,提取籽粒中的麦谷蛋白 ,通过十二烷基硫酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS- PAGE)对高分子质量的麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW- GS)进行分离。结果表明 :高分子质量麦谷蛋白在籽粒成熟过程中 ,各个亚基大约在花后 12 d开始表达 ,但不同亚基开始表达时期稍有差异 ;在花后 16 d之前 ,各个亚基蛋白的绝对量增长缓慢 ;花后 16 d之后 ,各个亚基蛋白绝对量迅速增加至一稳定值 ,且花后 2 0 d之后各个亚基蛋白的相对含量基本保持不变。     

特定DNA序列的微量大麦组织PCR分析

研究了聚合酶链式反应(PCR)在大麦(Nordeum vulgare)特定DNA分析中的应用.来自不同大麦组织的细胞粗提和纯化的DNA均可作为PCR的模板.两种情况下均可进行靶序列的合成.在适宜条件下,少至20个拷贝的大麦基因组即20个细胞就足以用来有效放大.DNA的这一用量远远少于1mg鲜组织.     

Synthetic pyrazole derivatives as growth inhibitors of some phytopathogenic fungi

The present study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity of pyrazole/isoxazole-3-carboxamido-4-carboxylic acids, 4-oxo-5-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones, and N-alkyl/aryl-N'-(4-carbethoxy-3-pyrazolyl)thioureas against Pythium ultimum, Botrytis cinerea, and Magnaporthe grisea. The results on growth inhibition showed differences in the sensitivity of the three fungi to the tested substances, and in general P. ultimum was shown to be the most sensitive. On all phytopathogens the best results within the pyrazole/isoxazolecarboxamide series are given by the compounds with the carboxamide and carboxylic groups in positions 3 and 4; the presence of these groups seems to be critical for biological activity in this series of compounds. Among the pyrazolopyrimidines the derivative supplied with the benzylic group was the most active on the three fungi and in particular against P. ultimum. Several compounds belonging to the thiourea series are able to inhibit selectively M. grisea at 50 and 10 microg mL(-1), doses at which the reference commercial compound tricyclazole had low or no effect.     

Improved method for the rapid determination of terpenoid aldehydes in cotton

A simple, rapid method for the extraction of cotton terpenoid aldehydes from green tissues and seed is described. Samples were treated by ultrasonification with acidified acetonitrile/water followed by centrifugation. The resulting extract was injected directly onto a C(18) HPLC column and no sample concentration or further cleanup steps were required. The level of gossypol, the most labile of the target analytes, decreased by only 2% after 12 h of storage at room temperature, thus enabling automated analysis of individual terpenoid aldehydes by HPLC. The method gives excellent reproducibility and enables large numbers of samples to be screened quickly and accurately.     

Synthesis of pyrazole derivatives and their evaluation as photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors

Two series of new pyrazoles, namely six pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-dione and four pyrazolo[1,5-c][1,3,5]thiadiazine-2-one derivatives, were synthesized as potential inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron transport chain at the photosystem II level. The compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, elemental, and IR analyses. Their biological activity was evaluated in vivo upon both the growth of blue-green algae and the photosynthetic oxygen evolution by eukaryotic algae and in vitro as the ability to interfere with light-driven reduction of ferricyanide by isolated spinach chloroplasts. Some compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory properties, comparable to those of the reference commercial herbicides lenacil, diuron, and hexazinone. Results suggest that the substitution of triazine with thiadiazine ring may act as amplifier for herbicidal activity.     

陕西省农家小麦品种主要加工品质特性及其聚类分析

研究了测定了陕西省１３１个主要农家小麦品种的粗蛋白含量,籽粒硬度和全麦粉ＳＤＳ－沉淀值,并根据这３个品质性状,利用离差平方和法对供试品种进行了总聚类和分区聚类分析。总聚类分析中,供试品种被聚为４类。