天地空一体化 监测东北虎豹

1月17日,国家林业和草原局(国家公园管理局)东北虎豹国家公园天地空一体化监测系统中试正式开通,成功覆盖东北虎豹国家公园的5000平方公里面积,是我国首个真正实现大面积全覆盖的智能化自然资源监测、评估和管理体系,突破了在边远山区和深山老林中信息化的制约瓶颈,实现了国家公园自然资源监测和监管真正进入大数据和人工智能时代,有力支撑了国家公园管理体系和能力现代化。     

玉米东单7号在新疆的推广前景

(一)目前新疆种植的玉米品种 1.SC704 该品种1978年从南斯拉夫引入,1986年审定定名,是目前新疆推广面积最大的主栽品种.     

Mapping QTLs for Yield Stability in Durum Wheat Grown under Different Water Regimes

Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops, durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore, improving water-use efficiency （WUE） of durum wheat represents a major breeding goal. IDu-WUE （Improving Durum wheat for Water Use Efficiency and yield stability through physiological and molecular approaches） is a collaborative project among public and private research centres in Italy, Spain and WANA （West Asia and North Africa） countries （Morocco, Tunisia, Syria and Lebanon） funded by the European Union aimed at investigating the genetic variation for WUE and yield stability in durum wheat grown in Mediterranean droughtprone areas. During the first year of the project, a number of morpho-physiological traits （e.g. early vigour, flowering time, leaf rolling, number of fertile tillers, etc.）, WUE, WUE-related traits （e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc.）, yield and its components have been investigated in a RIL population （249 lines） and a collection of ca. 190 durum wheat accessions characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium （Maccaferri et al., 2005）,     

TILLING and Ecotilling the Plant Kingdom

The modem crop scientist has a large amount of available nucleotide sequence information to identify genes of potential agronomic importance. Using reverse genetic approaches, specific genes can be disrupted, and hypotheses regarding gene function directly tested in vivo. Although a number of reverse genetic methods have been introduced, many are limited in application because they are organism-specific, expensive, transgenic, or only transiently disrupt gene function. However, traditional mutagenesis using chemical mutagens has been widely used as a forward genetics strategy to create many new crop plant varieties at relatively low cost. Mutagens such as ethyl methanesulphonate （EMS） cause stable point mutations and thus produce an allelic series of truncation and missense changes that can provide a range of phenotypes （Greene et al., 2003）. TILLING （targeting induced local lesions IN genomes） is a high-throughput reverse genetic strategy that combines traditional mutagenesis and SNP discovery methods （Colbert et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2000）. To identify mutations, target regions of-l.5 kb are amplified with fluorescently labeled gene specific primers. Heteroduplexes are then formed between wild-type and mutant strands, mismatches are cleaved by incubation with a single-strand specific nuclease,     

Genetic Diversity of Peanut Core Collection from US Using Simple Sequence Repeats

Groundnut is a member of genus Arachis and the crop is divided into two subspecies and six botanical varieties based on morphological characteristics （Krapovickas and Gregory, 1994）. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics （ICRISAT） holds more than 14 000 groundnut accessions from which a core collection of 1 704 have been developed （Upadhyaya et al., 2003）. Holdbrook et al. （1993） developed a groundnut core collection of 831 accessions from a total of 7 432 US groundnut accessions based on morphological characteristics. The large number and variability of accessions in GenBanks create problems in knowing which germplasm to select for breeding purpose. Only a few established cultivars and elite breeding lines have been utilised in breeding programmes. A core collection is a fraction of accessions from the entire collection which represent most of the available genetic diversity of the species. A core collection can extensively be evaluated and information derived from them can be applied to the whole collection. Identification of DNA markers associated with the botanical varieties of groundnut would be useful in genotyping, germplasm management and evolutionary studies.     

制约西部边疆地区现代畜牧业发展的瓶颈及对策

近年来,我国西部边疆地区的畜状业取得了很大的发展,但是在发展的同时也面临着很多的问题,这些问题以及矛盾能否得到合理解决,畜牧业的发展是否能适应经济规律,已经成为决定西部边疆地区畜枚业发展好坏的十分重要的因素。     

土壤养分与北冰红山葡萄果实品质间的典型相关性分析

【目的】分析北冰红葡萄果实营养品质与土壤养分间的关系,为选择北冰红葡萄适宜栽培区提供参考依据。【方法】选取新疆4个不同生境的8个果园样点,测定果实品质和土壤养分因子,采用典型相关分析和冗余分析其相关性。【结果】8个样地的土壤养分与果实品质指标变异系数分别为6.147%～40.476%、3.674%～11.895%,其中pH与总糖的变异系数最小。土壤养分中速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量与可溶性固形物、单宁、总糖、总酚、果穗重、单果重和单株产量间呈正相关;土壤中速效氮和阳离子交换量与花色苷、果穗重和单果产量间呈正相关;土壤中有机质与总酚呈负相关;果品中总酸与土壤中全氮呈正相关,与速效钾呈负相关。4对典型变量分别解释了土壤养分和果实品质组内的75.500%和94.900%的信息,组间72.100%和92.100%的信息;焉耆县、温宿县与乌鲁木齐市的葡萄果实品质综合典型变量较高。【结论】不同生境下,北冰红葡萄园中土壤养分各指标间含量存在较大的差异,而果实品质各指标间差异较小,土壤pH与果实总糖差异不显著。新疆酿酒葡萄产区中焉耆县、温宿县与乌鲁木齐市的土壤环境更有利于北冰红营养物质的积累,对提高北...     

Antiradical Capacity and Induction of Apoptosis on HeLa Cells by a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> Extract

Jamapa bean is a black Phaseolus vulgaris variety rich in condensed tannins, anthocyanins and flavonols with interesting biological activities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiradical capacity (ARC) of a Jamapa bean methanolic extract (BME) and some of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions derived from it, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The effect of the BME on some proteins involved in apoptosis on HeLa cells was also evaluated. A strong correlation between proanthocyanidin concentration in BME and antiradical capacity was found, suggesting that these compounds contribute significantly to antiradical activity. BME was a better radical scavenger than butylated hydroxytoluene (45.6 and 33.9% ARC at 400 μM, respectively). Two proanthocyanidin-rich fractions obtained after a preliminary separation of the BME using Toyopearl (TP4 and TP6) exhibited a higher antiradical activity than the parent extract. The treatment of HeLa cells with 35 μg BME/ml/24 h increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, pro-apoptotic proteins (6.13 and 1.2 times for Caspase-3 and Bax, respectively). The mechanism of action of some proteins involved in apoptosis was also evaluated, and the results suggest that black Jamapa bean could be an important source of polyphenolic compounds with potential biological use as antioxidant and anticancer agents.