盐胁迫下四种蓝靛果忍冬的光合特征研究

以4种蓝靛果忍冬为试材,采用等渗条件控制试验,设置0.2%、0.4%、0.6%盐胁迫,研究其在盐胁迫处理下的光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)的光合响应特性,运用显著性分析、量化评估、隶属函数及主成分分析法对其耐盐性进行综合评定,为蓝靛果忍冬抗盐生理机制的研究提供参考。结果表明:随盐胁迫的加剧,4个蓝靛果忍冬品种在不同盐胁迫处理后的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度变化规律各不相同,其主导因素也不同,经过分析可得"瓦修甘斯卡亚"和"北日勒"受盐胁迫后光合速率(P_n)下降分为2个时期,2%时以气孔因素为主,4%以后则以非气孔因素为主。而"伊利亚达""巴克恰尔斯卡亚"的光合速率(P_n)下降因素主要为非气孔因素。综合分析认为,盐胁迫下蓝靛果忍冬光合作用降低是多因素共同作用的结果,结合该研究多种分析评定,可以得出,"巴克恰尔斯卡亚"的耐盐能力相对较强,而"伊利亚达"的耐盐能力最弱。     

水利水电工程边坡防护和植被恢复设计

为解决干热河谷区水利水电工程边坡防护和植被恢复的技术难点,本文选取位于大渡河流域的猴子岩水电站项目区某边坡作为研究对象,通过对该边坡的气候、土壤和植被的调查分析,制定出植被恢复的保水涵水、长效绿化基质、多样性植被三项关键技术,结合工程实践,开展了工期、坡面防护、保水涵水、土壤配方和植被群落的五项设计,并制定了详细的施工方案,为干热河谷区水利水电工程中的类似工程设计提供参考.     

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。     

木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT（N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B）、减氮施肥OPT-N、减磷施肥OPT-P、减钾施肥OPT-K、减镁施肥OPT-Mg、减锌施肥OPT-Zn、减硼施肥OPT-B处理和不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度。【结果】OPT处理木薯所吸收的N、P、K、Zn养分主要累积在茎部,Ca、Mg养分主要累积在叶片和茎部,B养分主要累积在叶片部位中。木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度呈抛物线状,在块根膨大期前呈逐渐提高,块根膨大后,木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度逐渐下降。增施N、P、K、Mg肥,木薯产量分别提高38.01%、13.09%、23.14%和8.99%;增施1 kg N、P2O5、K2O、MgO木薯产量分别增加101、54、22和49 kg;OPT处理产值最高（13217元/ha）。【结论】施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但K、Za、B肥会抑制Mg的吸收。不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

浅析福建省顺昌县国有林场森林经营措施及成效

顺昌县国有林场约85%的林地所有权为集体所有,通过核发林权证,明晰了产权,减少了山林纠纷,实行责任同担,资源共享的有效机制。通过"一个平台""两个坚持""三个必须""四个定期",使林农关系更为紧密,确保了林场发展和林农利益的双赢。林场率先开展不炼山造林试验,营造试验林,有效降低对地被物和地下生物的破坏,控制水土流失保持土壤肥力,对于当地自然环境和生物多样性的保护有着重要作用。林场通过提高径级和活立木蓄积量改善森林生态系统的稳定性、多样性和多功能性。     

喷洒荒漠藻对库布齐沙漠植物群落及土壤养分的影响

为揭示荒漠藻对土壤养分改良及植被恢复的影响,在鄂尔多斯高原北缘的半固定沙地进行喷洒荒漠藻试验,调查未喷荒漠藻样地、喷荒漠藻样地内植被与土壤的变化.结果表明:与未喷荒漠藻样地相比,喷荒漠藻对样地灌木层植物组成影响不大,但草本层植物种类明显增加,其天然优势种由1a生草本植物向多年生草本植物过渡,多年生禾本科植物狼尾草明显增...     

胡麻油生物柴油与0~#柴油混配物的性质研究

【目的】初步探讨生物柴油含量对混配物物性参数的影响规律.【方法】以甘肃产胡麻油为原料,研究了胡麻油生物柴油与0#柴油混配物的密度、黏度、冷滤点、凝点和闪点等性质.【结果】混配物的密度与胡麻油生物柴油在混配物中的体积分数呈线性关系;混配物的运动黏度可用公式ln(υρ)=v1ln(υ1ρ1)+v2ln(υ2ρ2)预测;随着混配物中胡麻油生物柴油体积分数的增加,冷滤点和凝点依次降低;当胡麻油生物柴油体积分数在0~50%之间时,闪点随着生物柴油体积分数的增加而缓慢增加,当大于50%后,闪点大幅增加.【结论】为胡麻油生物柴油的研究和应用提供理论基础.     

Risk factors for stillbirths in two swine farms in the south of Brazil

We evaluated stillbirth risk factors in two commercial swine farms of the Rio Grande do Sul State (south of Brazil). The study was conducted during 1 month in Farm A and during 2 months in Farm B, both during 1999. Data for all farrowings that occurred during the study period were recorded (101 for Farm A and 373 for Farm B), without interference in the farm management. In Farm A, 39% of all litters born during the period of interest had stillborn piglets and the stillborn risk for piglets was 12%. In Farm B, 25% of all litters had stillborn piglets whereas the stillborn risk was 2%. Variables considered as potential risk factors for stillbirths were: parity (1, 2–3, 4+); breed (purebred or crossbred); sow body-condition (normal or fat); use of oxytocin during parturition (yes or no); obstetric intervention through vaginal palpation (yes or no); farrowing duration (<4 or ≥4 h); mummified fetuses (yes or no); total litter size (<12 or ≥12 piglets); and litter birth weight (<11 or ≥11 kg). All stillborn piglets had their classification validated by necropsy. In multivariable logistic-regressions, the cases were the litters having at least one stillborn piglet. In Farm A, litters having at least 12 pigs and in which oxytocin was used during the parturition had 20.8-times-higher odds of stillborn occurrence. In Farm B, litters from sows having parity ≥4 had 2.2-times-higher odds of stillborn occurrence than litters from parity 2 to 3 females, litters having ≥12 pigs had 2.0-times-higher odds of a stillborn piglet than smaller litters and farrowings in which vaginal palpation was performed had 8.0-times-higher odds. Farrowing room management to minimize stillborn risk should target higher-parity females, large litters and optimization of practices of obstetric interventions.