第4代红富士苹果"新富1号"的栽培试验

通过在新疆苹果的主产区阿克苏市,对第4代红富士新品种"新富1号"引种试验,对其品种特性、物候期、果实品质等性状观测表明: "新富1号"为中晚熟品种,着色鲜艳、果肉酥脆、有芳香味,口感品质具佳,与目前主产区苹果主栽品种相比,成熟期可提早15～20 d,商品性、适应性、抗逆性均优于目前主栽的红富士品种,适于在我区规模推广.     

试论农机推广和农机科研的关系

目前,我国农机化技术和农机化产品的总体技术水平与发达国家至少落后20-30年,我国的农机推广和农机科研处于各自为战的格局, 从体制到实际工作双方毫无联系,致使许多科研成果或胎死腹中,或投放市场后没有生存能力而被淘汰。科研工作没有超前性和前瞻性。由于科研的不切实际和盲目性,导致了推广单位成为“无米之炊的巧妇”。这既造成了国家人力资源的极大浪费,又制约了农机事业的发展。要改变这种现状, 必须从体制上进行改革,使农机科研部门和农机推广部门有机地结合起来,形成一个整体,通过经济杠杆,平衡双方的责、权、利,依照《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》“省级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当组织有关单位采取技术攻关、试验,示范等措施,促进基础性、关键性、公益性农业机械研究和先进适用的农业机械的推广使用。”“国家支持农业机械科研、教学与生产、推广相结合,促进农业机械与农业生产技术的发展要求相适应”的明确规定,省级以上人民政府应着重从机构上进行改革,使农机推广部门和农机科研部门有机的结合起来。笔者试图通过对二者关系的阐述,以期引起有关党政部门领导对农机推广和农机科研二者之间互从关系的重视, 从而在体制上、财力和人力资源配置上对农机科研和农机推广加以改革和加强,为我国农机事业的发展奠定一个良好的基础,从而使其更好的为“三农”服务。     

Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in waste pickers and waste workers in Durango, Mexico

Municipal waste is a potential source of infection for Toxoplasma gondii as it may contain contaminated meat with parasite tissue cysts and cat excrement with parasite oocysts. Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection and associated characteristics in two populations exposed to municipal solid waste in Durango, Mexico. Ninety waste pickers and 83 waste workers of Durango City, Mexico were examined for T. gondii infection. They were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. In addition, socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics from each participant were obtained. Nineteen (21.1%) of the 90 waste pickers and seven (8.4%) of the 83 waste workers were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. The difference in prevalence among the groups was statistically significant (P =0.03). Waste pickers aged 31-50 years showed a significantly higher prevalence (40.9%) than waste workers of the same age group (2.9%, P < 0.001). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in two (2.2%) of the waste pickers but in none of the waste workers. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in workers of the waste transfer station (25.0%) than in drivers or helpers of waste vehicles (2.5%) (P =0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii infection was associated with consuming food found in the garbage [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-11.8] and with lack of education (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95% CI 1.1-8.8). From this study, we conclude: (i) waste pickers may represent a risk group for T. gondii infection; (ii) lack of education might be a contributing factor for T. gondii infection; (iii) the higher the exposure to garbage, the higher the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection; (iv) Eating food products from the garbage may represent an important route for T. gondii infection.     

细辛叶斑病药剂防治试验

室内外药物筛选和大田示范结果表明,50%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂800倍液喷雾防治细辛叶斑病效果可达90%以上,多菌灵、消菌灵、治萎灵也有一定防治作用,但对叶斑病病原菌菌丝生长抑制效果低于代森锰锌。     

甲基对硫磷降解菌的生态效应及应用

从活性污泥中分离的甲基对硫磷降解菌接种于含有甲基对硫磷的土壤中，表现了较强的降解农药残留的生态效应。在盆栽试验中，处理的各叶片变黄程度比对照均要轻，统计差异显著，稻米与稻壳中甲基对硫磷处理比对照下降了８２．２－１００％。田间试验中，农药加菌，农药加有机肥加菌的处理，其稻米中的甲基对硫磷残留均检测不到，而对照（只施农药不加菌），稻米中的甲基对硫磷含量为０．０６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超过国家标准（０．０５ｍｇ     

Postoperative bleeding in retired racing greyhounds

BACKGROUND: Some retired racing Greyhounds (RRG) that undergo surgery bleed excessively. Hypothesis: Greyhounds that bleed excessively will have one or more preoperative hemostatic abnormalities that can be used to predict the risk and severity of postoperative bleeding. ANIMALS: Eighty-eight RRG undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. METHODS: All dogs were evaluated preoperatively with a physical exam, CBC, platelet count, OSPT, APTT, platelet function with PFA-100(a); fibrinogen, d-dimer, plasminogen (Plmg), antiplasmin (AP), antithrombin (AT), and vWF concentration (vWF:Ag); vWF collagen binding assay (vWF:CBA), and Factor XIII assay. Assays were repeated in the dogs that bled, and in an age- and sex-matched control group of RRG. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of the dogs had bleeding 36-48 hours after surgery. AP (P <.0001) and AT concentration (P= .007) were significantly lower, and vWF:CBA (P= .0284) was higher preoperatively in the dogs with excessive hemorrhage. A lower platelet count (P= .001) and hematocrit (P= .002), shorter OSPT (P= .0002) and higher plasma fibrinogen (P <.0001), and AP (P= .001) concentration were detected at the time of bleeding compared with preoperative values in the dogs that bleed excessively. The same findings were observed postoperatively for the control group, except for the decrease in hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results indicate that this excessive postoperative bleeding is not attributable to a primary or secondary hemostatic defect, but could result from altered fibrinolysis.     

Magnetic fields at uranus

The magnetic field experiment on the Voyager 2 spacecraft revealed a strong planetary magnetic field of Uranus and an associated magnetosphere and fully developed bipolar masnetic tail. The detached bow shock wave in the solar wind supersonic flow was observed upstream at 23.7 Uranus radii (1 R(U) = 25,600 km) and the magnetopause boundary at 18.0 R(U), near the planet-sun line. A miaximum magnetic field of 413 nanotesla was observed at 4.19 R(U ), just before closest approach. Initial analyses reveal that the planetary magnetic field is well represented by that of a dipole offset from the center of the planet by 0.3 R(U). The angle between Uranus' angular momentum vector and the dipole moment vector has the surprisingly large value of 60 degrees. Thus, in an astrophysical context, the field of Uranus may be described as that of an oblique rotator. The dipole moment of 0.23 gauss R(3)(U), combined with the large spatial offset, leads to minimum and maximum magnetic fields on the surface of the planet of approximately 0.1 and 1.1 gauss, respectively. The rotation period of the magnetic field and hence that of the interior of the planet is estimated to be 17.29+/- 0.10 hours; the magnetotail rotates about the planet-sun line with the same period. Thelarge offset and tilt lead to auroral zones far from the planetary rotation axis poles. The rings and the moons are embedded deep within the magnetosphere, and, because of the large dipole tilt, they will have a profound and diurnally varying influence as absorbers of the trapped radiation belt particles.     

Multivariate analysis for the evaluation of fiber, sugars, and organic acids in commercial presentations of table olives

Table olives constitute an important part of the Mediterranean diet and the diet of many non-olive-producing countries. The aim of this work was to determine the fiber, sugar, and organic acid contents in Spanish commercial presentations of table olives and characterize them by means of a multivariate analysis. The selection of variables was carried out on the basis of a canonical analysis and their classification, according to processing styles and cultivars, through a linear discriminant analysis. Values of dietary fiber in table olives ranged from 2 to 5 g/100 g edible portion (e.p.). Some stuffing materials (almond, hot red pepper, and hazelnut) or the addition of capers produced a significant increase in the total dietary fiber in green olives. Glucose, fructose, and mannitol were usually found in the ranges of 0-55, 0-70, and 0-107 mg/100 g e.p., respectively. Succinic acid was detected only in green and directly brined olives (0-40 mg/100 g e.p.), while lactic and acetic acids were used within the ranges of 0-681 and 5-492.8 mg/100 g e.p., respectively. A multivariate analysis showed that fiber, mannitol, and succinic, lactic, and acetic acids can be used to discriminate between processing styles (95.5% correct assignations) and cultivars (61.20%). Current data can also be used in the evaluation of the dietary value of table olives.     

云南方竹属一新种——乌蒙山方竹

描述了产自云南彝良的竹类植物一新种——乌蒙山方竹。该种形态接近永善方竹和筇竹,秆环隆起成脊似筇竹,节内环生气生根刺又似永善方竹;叶大小界于永善方竹和筇竹之间,正面颜色深绿似永善方竹,背面颜色灰绿色似筇竹;笋期居方竹与筇竹出笋期之间,为每年11月至次年4月。     

甲酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化率、肠组织形态和血浆代谢产物的影响

研究饲粮甲酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化率、肠组织形态和血浆代谢产物的影响。120只罗斯雄性肉仔鸡,在实验室饲养,饲养期为1～42日龄。试验设4个处理:对照组(C);添加阿维霉素,水平为10 mg·kg~(-1)(AV);添加甲酸,水平为5g·kg~(-1)(FA5)和添加甲酸,水平为10 g·kg~(-1) (FA10)。各处理间,雄性肉仔鸡的增重、饲料采食量或饲料转化率没有显著差异。42日龄时,育成鸡饲粮中,各种添加物对雄性肉仔鸡回肠干物质消化率有一定影响;与其他处理相比,阿维霉素和添加水平为10 g·kg~(-1)的甲酸,轻度增加回肠干物质消化率。添加水平为5 g·kg~(-1)和10g·kg~(-1)的甲酸对空肠pH没有影响,试验结果不能清楚显示甲酸对肠组织形态的积极作用。各处理间,血液代谢产物没有不同,血浆钙、磷水平不受甲酸添加物影响。结论:卫生状况良好的肉仔鸡,饲粮甲酸对生产性能、肠组织形态或血浆代谢产物水平没有清楚的积极的影响;然而,对回肠营养物质消化率有轻度积极的影响。