The optimal energy efficiency of wireless networks nodes based on solar cells

To improve the energy efficiency of solar cells in wireless sensor networks nodes, the energy relationship between solar cells and the wireless sensor networks nodes is studied. An adaptive algorithm is adopted to ensure the wireless sensor networks work normally at different sunlight intensities. An energy model is designed that reveals the energy relationship between the output power of the solar cells and the power of nodes working normally at a standard sunlight intensity. The experimental results show that the model represents the adaptive energy relationship between the solar cells and the nodes, ensures that the nodes work stably in a long term, and extends the life cycle of the sensor networks as long as possible. The model has important guiding significance for wireless sensor networks designation.     

Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of High Strength Single Angle Compression Member Eccentrically at One End

To analyze mechanical behavior of Q460 high strength single angle steel struts with an eccentric load at one end in transmission towers, experimental analysis and theoretical calculation were carried out to study the overall stability and local buckling of members. Spherical hinge bearing and double knife edge bearing were applied at axial end of specimens. Influence of some factors on bearing capacity of compression members with eccentricities at both ends was analyzed, such as the end supporting conditions and residual stresses. It was shown that whether spherical hinge bearing or double knife edge bearing was used at axial end, the mechanical behavior can be accurately presented and the residual stresses affected the ultimate load carrying capacity by about 5％ or less. Compared with different methods, such as experiment method、finite element method, method in the Guide for American Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structure（ASCE101997）and method in Chinese Technical Regulation of Design for Tower and Pole Structure of Overhead Transmission Line (DL/T51542002), it was found that the calculated strength of high strength steel member by standard calculation method in DL/T51542000 was over conservative. According to the research results, the revised formulas of ASCE were proposed with dividing actual material strength by the resistance coefficient of rR=1.111. Therefore, the experimental results can provide reference for designing high strength Q460 single angle steel members compressed eccentrically at one end.     

Experimental Analysis of Construction Time Space Effect for Large Span and Flat Multi Arch Tunnel

For the large span and flat, together with the interaction effect of construction and disturbance of surrounding rock, the mechanical of large span and flat multi arch tunnel is very complicated, and the time space effect is different from that of two lane multi arch tunnel or separated tunnel. Adopting the “CTSSSRH”, the 3 D dynamic process of the tunnel construction was simulated. Analyzing the rule of surrounding rock displacement and stress with excavation, the time space effect of large span and flat multi arch tunnel was proposed.     

Simplifying and validating the model of wet flue gas desulphurization spray tower for 660MW units

The wet limestone gypsum flue gas desulphurization system for 660 MW units of a thermal power plant is taken as the object, based on the study of the mass transfer between the gas phase and the liquid phase、chemical reaction mechanism in desulphurization tower and reasonable simplified hypothesis, the turbulent mathematical model of the spray type tower is developed by the methods of concentration of parameters and module modeling. The model is validated by the test of stable state and the turbulent experiments, which can be used as the basis for developing the real training simulation model of the desulphurization system.     

The Effect of Slabs on the Failure Mode of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

A majority of reinforced concrete frame structure failure patterns resulting from the May 12, 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan County, P. R. China were analyzed. It was found that the main failure mode of frame works was “strong beam, weak column”, which conflicts with the design criteria of “strong column, weak beam”. The cause of this failure pattern was analyzed. A new concept is put forward that should be considered in design work. The over strength caused by slabs connected monolithically to the beams is analyzed. The joint types, transverse beam stiffness and lateral drift influence the reinforcing effect of the sla, Moreover, a reinforced concrete frame model was simulated using the program ABAQUS. The slab reinforcement stress distributions at different lateral drifts were analyzed and the effective flange width value proposed.     

Maximum tree method based aspect mining method

By means of discovering crosscutting concerns from legacy systems, aspect mining intends to help migrate the systems to an aspect oriented design. An improved method based on maximum tree method for aspect mining is presented. The method uses aspect ideas to capture the runtime method call information by mining crosscutting concerns from dynamic behaviors, and then constructs a method call relationship data matrix. Based on fuzzy similarity relation theory, by introducing the similarity, an object similarity matrix is constructed, and the maximum tree method is used to identify the crosscutting concerns in the system. The method can provide a basis for system’s software reconstruction and reusability. An experiment is conducted to verify the validity of the method. Compared with the existing typical mining methods, the method shows the virtue of clear implementation and high efficiency.     

Dynamic analysis and optimization of gear trains in a megawatt level wind turbine

Through coupling vibration analysis of the transmission system of a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox, a torsional vibration model of a gear drive system in wind turbines is established. The fourth order Runge Kutta integration method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of a gear system caused by wind loads, time varying meshing stiffness, and system damping. The harmonic balance method is used to find the analytic solution. Based on the solution, a mathematical model for optimum gear system design is established. The model aims at minimizing the vibration acceleration of the planet gear and the total mass of the gear transmission system. The optimization toolbox in MATLAB program is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. A calculated example shows that the primary natural frequency of the gear system has been raised, the dynamic properties of the gear train have been improved remarkably, and the total mass of the gear train has been decreased.     

北京山区不同林分类型土壤肥力的研究

为探讨山地森林土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质的关系,对北京延庆山区6种植被类型下不同层次土壤的脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶的活性及其与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:在各种林分类型之间所测土壤理化性质和土壤酶指标有显著性差异,并且随着土层的加深,均表现出不断减小的趋势。蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶4种酶活性在不同林分类型中均表现出阔叶林优于针叶林,而多酚氧化酶活性却表现出相反的趋势。所测5种酶活性在6种林分类型A层表现出聚集分布,以脲酶最具代表性。相关分析表明:有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾与所测5种酶活性呈现出不同程度的正显著相关,而有效磷与各种所测酶活性均呈负相关。运用主成分分析可知,土壤酶在第1、2主成分中比重较大,对外界环境变化比较敏感,结合相关分析认为,碱解氮与脲酶可以作为该地区土壤质量评价的首选指标。      

水分胁迫下增施氮、磷对刺槐无性系苗木光合特性的影响

通过对两个刺槐无性系苗木在光照培养箱内进行盆栽,采用正交试验设计的方法,研究不同水分胁迫水平下增施氮磷对两个刺槐无性系苗木光合特性的影响。对光合光响应曲线、最大净光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点和叶绿素含量进行分析,结果表明:随干旱程度加深,干旱前期氮磷交互作用对刺槐叶片光饱和点和光补偿点影响显著,干旱后期差异不显著。比较两个刺槐无性系苗木的光合特性得出,L1（鲁刺一号）比W1（皖刺一号）更为耐旱。      

广西桉树林取代马尾松林对植物多样性的影响

对广西钦州市马尾松林和巨尾桉人工林的植物多样性开展研究,旨在阐明桉树林取代马尾松林对植物多样性和植物功能群的影响,促进对桉树人工林的科学认知。研究表明,采伐马尾松林种植桉树后10年,在1 800 m2样地内,桉树林的物种数为95～98种（木本植物50种,藤本17～19种,草本24～28种）,而马尾松林为63～88种（木本植物32～48种,藤本13～24种,草本16种）,两类林分的木本、藤本和总物种数差异不显著（P为0.237～0.937）,而草本植物差异显著（P=0.038）,表明桉树林取代马尾松林将显著增加草本植物的物种丰富度。桉树林取代马尾松林对铁芒萁有显著的负效应,重要值减少50%（P=0.077）,而对五节芒（P=0.057）和东方乌毛蕨（P=0.079）有显著的正效应,重要值提高0.85～3.76倍。桉树林和马尾松林木本植物的Shannon Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D)和均匀度指数(Jsw)差异不显著（P为0.299～0.957）,而草本植物的H′、D和Jsw差异极显著（P≤0.002）。桉树林取代马尾松林对群落的物种多样性和功能群具有显著的影响,然而,桉树人工林建立过程中采取的采伐、炼山、整地、施肥等措施是导致群落物种多样性和功能群变化的主要原因。