湖南会同次生阔叶林优势树种的种内种间竞争研究

^根据湖南会同鹰嘴界国家自然保护区内0.96 hm2次生阔叶林样地中胸径4 cm的树木逐一定位测定的数据,采用Hegyi的单木竞争指数模型对该森林植物群落优势种的种内与种间竞争强度进行定量分析。结果表明:该次生阔叶林内13个优势种的竞争强度排序为马尾松刨花楠红皮树毛豹皮樟赤杨叶城口桤叶树枫香青冈栎狭叶润楠杉木檵木南酸枣黄杞。其中,种内竞争大于种间竞争的优势种群为狭叶润楠、杉木、南酸枣、黄杞;种内竞争小于种间竞争的有马尾松、刨花楠、红皮树、毛豹皮樟、城口桤叶树、枫香、青冈栎;种内和种间竞争相差不大的树种为檵木和赤杨叶。各优势树种与上层树种之间的竞争较下层强烈,树木竞争强度与胸径呈负相关。     

双向SLA公平调度算法及其在EPON中的应用

研究了开放接入网络中带宽分配的公平性问题.将最大〖CD*2〗最小公平算法应用到双向SLA带宽调度算法中,给出了一种基于EPON的易于实现的双向SLA公平带宽调度算法.以用户SLA为首要SLA,以业务提供商的SLA为次要SLA,通过带宽分配和调整,实现了双向公平的带宽分配.仿真实验表明,双向SLA算法实现了业务提供商和用户的公平性需求,具有合理性和可用性.     

广州流溪河针阔混交林冠层对穿透水离子浓度的影响

2006年7月～2008年5月,在广州流溪河地区采集了70次空旷地降雨水样(雨量范围0.7～184.2 mm)和对应的马尾松-阔叶树混交林的林内穿透雨水样,用于分析当地的雨水酸化特征和林冠影响穿透水中主要离子浓度的作用规律.结果显示:(1)流溪河的酸雨率为64.29%.(2)林冠的缓冲作用使得穿透雨的pH值升高,但穿透雨的多数离子浓度高于林外降雨,表明有离子从林冠淋出或者淋洗.(3)对多数离子而言,冠层作用随雨水酸度变化存在一个转折点,即pH值<5.0或者(SO42++NO3-)>100 μeq·L-1时,冠层增加离子浓度的作用随雨水酸度增强而增加;而在pH值>5.0或者(SO42-+NO3-)<80 μeq·L-1时,穿透水离子浓度的冠层贡献率随雨水酸度减少而增加.(4)林冠层作用的月波动明显.在雨量较大的4～7月间,雨水中离子含量较小,冠层对穿透水离子浓度增加的贡献率小.(5)在单次降雨过程中,有些离子(尤其是NH4+、PO43-、NO2-、和NO3-)出现负淋溶现象,说明森林对这些离子具有吸附或者吸收作用.(6)混交林的林冠对穿透水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-、Org-C、NH4+、Al3+、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+的浓度增加贡献率年值分别为112%、288%、-8%、46%、28%、66%、222%、-35%、82%、413%、770%、790%和51%.     

湖南省主要森林类型生态服务功能价值评价

采用湖南会同杉木林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站监测数据和湖南省2007年度森林清查资料,依据国家林业局发布的<森林生态系统服务功能评估规范))(LY/T1721-2008)标准评价了湖南省8种主要森林类型的生态服务功能总价值.结果表明:8种主要森林类型的生态系统服务功能价值每年为5 125.394亿元,其中涌养水源为2 389.677亿元,保育土壤为418.375亿元,固碳释氧为1 086.280亿元,积累营养物质为63.266亿元,净化大气环境为345.957亿元,生物多样性保护为812.439亿元,森林游憩为9.400亿元.研究结果将为湖南省长株潭两型社会构建、绿色GDP核算提供基础数据.     

豫东平原农林复合系统土壤有机碳时空特征

通过对3、9、13、17 a农林间作和5、10、13 a农田林网2种模式的农林复合系统不同层次土壤中有机碳的时空特征及其与土壤pH值、全氦的相关关系研究,结果表明:3、9、13和17 a农林间作复合系统土壤各层的有机碳含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐下降,随着农林间作年限的增加而逐渐增长;0～20 cm土层有机碳含量最高,为1.58～2.09 g·kg-1,而40～60 cm层的最低,为0.75～1.51 g·kg-1;5、10和13 a农田林网复合系统土壤有机碳含量与农林间作复合系统有相似的变化规律;3个林龄的农田林网复合系统不同层次有机碳含量的分异表现都为0～20 cm土层(10.67～12.30 g·kg-1)20～40 cm土层(7.89～9.11 g·kg-1)40～60cm土层(6.21～7.60 g·kg-1);2种农林复合系统土壤有机碳含量与土壤pH值存在一定的线性负相关,与土壤全氮之间存在显著的线性正相关.     

Application of a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Truss Structure Optimal Design

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm developed in recent years is a stochastic optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence. It possesses advantages such as being a simple concept, ease of implementation and low resource occupation. The PSO algorithm was adopted to solve the problem of size optimization of truss structures with stress and displacement constraints. We present the basic principle of the original PSO algorithm in detail, and then introduce a constriction coefficient to modify it. Moreover, reasonable values of the coefficients are proposed for the modified PSO algorithm. Several classical problems are solved using the modified PSO algorithm, and the results compared with those using traditional optimization algorithms and genetic algorithms. Numerical results show that the modified PSO algorithm has good convergence and stability, and can be applied to the size optimization of truss structures.     

Characteristics and Fitting Model of Structure Plane in Layered Rock Mass

In order to study the compressive failure characteristics of layered rock mass and build the corresponding theoretical model, the fast lagrangian method was adopted to address numerical simulation of the layered rock mass under tri axial compression. The relationship between compressive strength and inclination of structure plane was analyzed, and a theoretical model was proposed to describe their relationship. The test data from the foreign references were described by the theoretical model and the relationship between loading velocity and the compressive strength was analyzed. It was shown that, the fitting model can well describe the strength characteristics of stratified rock mass, which was validated by the numerical test and laboratory test. And the compressive strength of rock mass increased linearly with the increase of loading velocity.      

Effects of magnesium stress and temperature on the crowth and photosynthetic character of cucumber seedlings

The effects of magnesium stress on the growth and photosynthetic character of cucumber seedlings are studied at various temperatures using artificial climate box. This is done to investigate the functional mechanism of magnesium in cucumbers. The results show that at low temperature, magnesium stress evidently inhibits plant growth, while at suitable temperatures it decreases the plant diameter, total number of leaves, leaf area, and dry weight of the above ground parts, and increases the plant height and root/shoot ratio. Excessive magnesium promotes below ground cucumber growth. The value of chlorphyl A/chlorophyl B (Chla/Chlb) increases more under conditions of magnesium deficiency than under magnesium excess. The Chla, Chlb and Cxc content decreases when magnesium is deficient, increase when excessive magnesium exists at suitable temperatures, but decreases if excessive magnesium exists at low temperatures. Pn and Gs decrease under magnesium stress, and are at the lowest level when excessive magnesium exists at low temperatures. The effects of magnesium stress on Ci, WUE, Tr and Ls vary at different magnesium concentrations and temperatures. The main factor limiting photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings is non stomata factor when magnesium is deficient, but is a stomata factor if there is excessive magnesium.     

Stability of various height waste dumps based on nonlinear strength criterion

Coal mining waste dumps are representative artificial accumulations of bulky rock and soil material. Certain factors make these dumps possess characteristics such as self organized criticality, nonlinear shear strength of the waste accumulation. We discusse the main waste dump characteristics and subsequently produced numerical simulations of the stability of waste dumps of various heights using the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua and based on the Hoek Brown nonlinear strength criterion. The simulation calculation results show that the stability is a dynamic evolving process corresponding to increasing waste dump height. Safety factors, based on a nonlinear rule, vary with the waste dump height. Theoretical analysis and calculated outcomes reveal a progressive failure rule of waste dumps, and all indicate the methods we put forward are reasonable.     

Stability analysis method for perilous rock by fracture mechanics

Perilous rock is a type of geological disaster in mountainous areas. Research concerning perilous rock ruptures focuses on the expanding of control fissures in perilous rock under load action. Taking the control fissure in perilous rock as one crevice in a sample, a method employing fracture mechanics is established to calculate the union fracture strength factor along the rupture orientation at the terminus of a control fissure in perilous rock. The union fracture strength factor is a function of both the first and second type fracture strength factors. We define the ratio between the fracture tendency of rock and the union fracture strength factor as the stability coefficient of perilous rock. Further, it simplifies the rupture mechanism of sliding, falling, and toppling perilous rock as pressure shear and tension shear ruptures. We establish methods for calculating the first and second type fracture strength factors. The applications show that the stability status identified by the method is more reasonable and sensitive.