现代食品科学技术研究生课程教学法的研究

围绕如何切实提高现代食品科学技术教学效果,提高研究生的培养水平及创新能力,分别从教师讨论式授课、研究生上课及讲评、研究生出试卷、研究生写综述、考试5个方面进行详细阐述,并提出具体的创新措施和建议。     

昆虫活性蛋白的功能和抗菌机制及开发利用研究进展

昆虫在漫长的进化过程中形成了由体液免疫和细胞免疫组成的独特免疫防御系统,以避免或减轻外界病原微生物侵入、物理损伤及逆境胁迫对机体造成的伤害。在此过程中,昆虫通过自身的免疫防御系统分泌出大量的具有特殊生理活性的蛋白质,包括抗菌肽、溶菌酶和凝集素等,这些特殊的蛋白质不仅在昆虫的生存活动和免疫反应中扮演着重要的角色,还在农业、医药和食品等领域显现出巨大的研究与潜在应用价值。本文对不同种类昆虫活性蛋白的化学结构、生理活性功能、抗菌机制和相关应用的研究进展,以及昆虫活性蛋白未来的研究方向进行综述。     

类黄酮在心血管疾病中的研究进展

综述了心血管疾病流行病学现状,阐述了目前类黄酮在心血管疾病防治中的作用及药物治疗的局限性。说明了黄酮类化合物是一类在调节心血管系统作用方面具有发展潜力的生物资源。     

绵羊RXRG基因的生物信息学分析

以绵羊RXRG基因为目的基因,利用生物信息学软件预测其结构和功能。结果表明,绵羊RXRG基因编码463个氨基酸,开放阅读框长度为1 392 bp,起始密码子位于228 bp处,终止密码子位于1 619 bp处。RXRG基因编码蛋白的相对分子质量为50 845.19 Da,等电点为7.55,在氨基酸组成中亮氨酸所占比率最高,色氨酸占比最低。亚细胞定位主要位于细胞核中,不属于分泌蛋白;不存在信号肽序列;存在两个保守结构域,并且为疏水性蛋白,二级结构主要以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,三级结构主要由无规卷曲缠绕折叠形成。     

肉羊种业的昨天、今天和明天

我国是养羊大国,羊存栏量、出栏量、肉产量均居世界首位.长期以来,我国羊产业以羊毛生产为主,直到20世纪80年代才逐渐由毛用为主向肉用为主转变,比现代肉羊发源地—英国晚了约2个世纪.近年来,我国肉羊种业发展迅速,种质资源不断丰富,良种繁育体系逐步完善,种羊生产水平稳步提升.但总体上看,与肉羊产业发达国家仍存在较大差距.适...     

不同淀粉源饲粮对肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和微生物菌群的影响

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different starch source diets on small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, caecum volatile fatty acid contents and microbial community of broilers. A total of 480 one⁃day⁃old healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 12 broilers in each replicate. Broilers in 5 groups were fed semi homozygous equal nitrogen and equal energy diets prepared with corn starch, pea starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch and wheat starch, re⁃ spectively. The total starch level of 5 groups was the same. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with corn starch group, tapioca starch group and wheat starch group, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid in caecum chyme of broilers of pea starch group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of total volatile fatty acid in caecum chyme of broilers of sorghum starch group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) The activity of amylase in jejunum chyme of broilers of sorghum starch group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the activity of lipase in jejunum and ileum chyme and activities of amylase and lipase in jejunum mucosa of broilers of tapioca starch group were significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.05). 3) The Bacte⁃ roidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were the dominant phyla in cecum of broilers. Compared with wheat starch group, pea starch group and sorghum starch group, the Firmicutes relative abundance of tapi⁃ oca starch group and corn starch group was significantly increased (P < 0. 05). Compared with corn starch group, sorghum starch group and wheat starch group, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Bacteroides and Odoribacter of pea starch group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative abun⁃ dances of Proteobacteria, Melainabacteria unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Parabacteroides were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the source of starch can affect the activity of digestive enzymes in small intestine, alter the cecum fermentation patterns and microbial composition of broilers, the di⁃ ets of pea starch, tapioca starch and corn starch can increase the acidogenic microbes in cecum of broilers, pro⁃ mote microbial fermentation, change the structure of intestinal flora, and promote the growth of beneficial bac⁃ teria.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(1):285⁃296] © 2023 Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. All rights reserved.