农田地表径流总磷流失特性试验

为了阐明农田地表径流引起的磷流失的过程和特征,在上海市青浦区一试验田采用不同的施肥方式,通过模拟降雨试验研究地表径流不同阶段中总磷流失状况.结果表明,在降雨-径流-土壤系统中,随着稳定强降雨的持续,总磷在径流前期阶段迅速流失而后期阶段流失较慢,前者的流失强度约为后者的3倍;虽然径流前期总磷流失强度大,但由于其持续时间远小于后期阶段,故后期反而有更大的总磷流失量,约为前期的1.5倍.经计算总磷流失量与径流量相关性系数接近于1,可见二者相关性显著,总磷流失量受径流量影响较大.不同施肥方式下总磷流失状况不同,顺着径流方向施肥会使土壤中的磷素更易于流失,其径流中总磷的峰值浓度约为垂直径流方向施肥时的2.5倍.研究结果对有效控制农田磷流失及相应的水体面源污染具有重要的参考意义.     

气液叉流下受热液膜的热质传递特性

采用VOF两相流模型研究了气液叉流条件下受热液膜热质传递特性,在模型中添加了表面张力源项和气液相间传质源项.为了验证所建立模型的可靠性,采用非接触式红外热成像测温方法,进行了相应的气液叉流试验.对叉流条件下受热液膜热质传递过程进行了试验和模拟计算,结果显示无量纲壁面温度计算结果与试验结果吻合很好.应用所建立的模型,模拟计算并分析了表面张力、固液接触角、液膜流量等因素对液膜流动侧形和热质传递性能的影响,结果表明：在其他参数保持不变的情况下,表面张力从0.014 N／m增大到0.072 N／m的过程中,液膜覆盖面积由82.7％减小到73.2％;固液接触角从30°增大到60°的过程中,液膜覆盖面积由80.6％减小到69.4％;液膜流量越小,液膜厚度越小,越有利于液膜的蒸发;相反,较高的液膜流量会使液膜厚度增大,阻碍了液膜蒸发,从而使外掠过液膜的单位体积空气含湿量减小.     

乡村景观格局热效应研究

利用Quickbird和ETM影像对浙江省绍兴县北部平原220 km2区域内50个村庄景观格局热效应进行了研究.通过环境亮温与建筑、水体、草地、林地、绿地(草地+林地)5种地类斑块共45个景观指数间的数量关系分析,结果表明:各景观指数与环境亮温间具有良好的线性关系;众多景观指数可分为密度类指数、覆盖率类指数、形状指数、核心区规模指数、100 m缓冲区相关指数、其它指数6类,其中优势斑块和景观总体的密度类指数、覆盖率类指数是环境亮温的主要作用因子;有关建筑斑块及核心区景观总体规模的指数(建筑的覆盖率、块均面积、聚合度,核心区的总面积、总周长、总块均面积)与环境亮温为正相关关系,其它多为负相关,因此建成区规模较小、各地类以众多小斑块均匀分布、建筑覆盖率低且形状狭长的村庄更有助于环境降温.建立了4个亮温预测模型(Ra~2＞0.9),筛选出相应的亮温预测及调控因子组;在核心区,环境亮温的单因子拟合效果欠佳,景观格局结构指数的作用不能忽略,结构指数对亮温的作用贡献约占总量的25%.     

An evaluation method of design ability usingmental workload assessment

By analyzing the relationship between design ability and design time, mental workload, and design effect, an evaluation method of design ability is proposed. As far as the factors involved in such method are concerned, mental workload is measured by NASATLX (national aeronautics and space administration task load index) scale, design time is acquired with a special program, and design effect is scored by expert. Then, the time spent on new design tasks based on the evaluated ability level is predicted by using support vector machines, which is then compared with real measured time. The result shows that the predicted time is well accorded with the real time, which indicates that the evaluation method of design ability is valid.     

Numerical simulation of the influences of catalytic wall on methane combustion characteristics in micro combustor

In order to study the effects of different catalytic walls on combustion characteristics, the premixed catalytic combustion characteristics of methane/air in micro combustor are studied. It lays the foundation for the combustion technology of hydrocarbon fuel in micro engine. Numerical simulation of flow and catalytic combustion in micro combustor was done by using laminar finite rate and second order upwind discretization methods. The results show that when wall temperature,CH4/O2 mole ratio and methane mass flow rate change, the influence of lower catalytic wall on the methane catalytic combustion efficiency is biggest, followed by side catalytic wall, the smallest is upper catalytic wall. The methane catalytic combustion efficiency unit area of lower catalytic wall is about three times of that of upper catalytic wall. The utilization of catalyst on lower catalytic wall is maximal . Therefore, when coating catalyst, the quantity of katalyst on lower catalytic wall should be appropriate more, moderate on the side catalytic wall, as little as possible on the upper catalytic wall. The influence disciplinarian and contribution rate of different catalytic wall on methane combustion have been gained. The optimized strategy of catalyst coating was put forward and reduced the cost of catalytic combustion.     

糯小麦新品系扬05G68配粉对面条品质的影响

为明确糯小麦扬05G68在改善面条品质方面的应用价值,为其推广应用提供依据,利用2种不同筋力市售面粉,研究了添加30%、50%和70%比例的糯小麦扬05G68面粉对干、鲜面条品质指标的影响.结果表明:糯小麦扬05G68面粉添加比例在30%与50%之间能显著改善面条品质;加工成鲜面条时,添加30%糯小麦面粉的面条评分最高;加工成干面条时,添加50%糯小麦面粉的面条评分最高;筋力强的面粉可以适当增加添加比例.     

江苏与山东农村经济比较研究

本研究从江苏与山东两省农村经济的总体发展和结构入手,比较了两省农村经济发展的历史,剖析了区位与交通、自然资源条件、农村劳动力、农业产业化、农业竞争力、外向型农业经济、经济改革措施等影响两省农村经济发展的主要因素,探讨了江苏与山东两省农业和农村经济发展的轨迹、经验和方略,在此基础上有针对性地提出了进一步做大做强两省农村经济的意见和建议.     

植物的亲水疏水特性与农药药液行为的分析

通过观察,雨水能很好地在棉花、黄瓜、桃树等植物叶面铺展成水膜,能很好的沾湿石榴、扁豆、辣椒等植物,在叶面形成弧形或半圆形的水滴,但雨水不能使红花酢浆草、水稻、甘蓝等植物润湿,而是在叶面形成球形的水珠,极易滚落.大于31.25 mg/L TX-10水溶液和大于200 mg/L杀虫单-矿物油微乳剂的表面张力均小于水稻或甘蓝的临界表面张力,因此在水稻或甘蓝叶面能形成弧形或半圆形的水滴,很好地沾湿叶片,甚至可以在叶面铺展成水膜.     

抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病优质高产杂交番茄新品种——苏红9号

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)是近年来在中国暴发流行的一种由烟粉虱为传播媒介的毁灭性病毒病,且呈现逐年加重,自南向北迅速蔓延的趋势,对中国番茄种植业造成了极其严重的损失.到目前为止,还没有能防止该病的有效方法.     

水开菲儿中一株细菌纤维素生产菌株的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

水开菲儿是国外非常流行的一种软性发酵饮料,其中的开菲儿粒子是透明和柔软的,主要包括了细菌、酵母两类微生物的共生体系,共生体系中包含了许多对人体健康有益的乳酸菌和酵母菌,如植物乳杆菌、明串珠菌,干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、酿酒酵母、毕赤氏酵母等[1,2].这个共生体系是独特的和非常稳定的,而且不包含对人体有害的病源微生物.