贵州烟区烟蚜发生规律及其预测模型的初步研究

通过2002-2008年对贵州代表性烟区烟蚜的系统调查,初步了解了有翅蚜迁飞规律、烟田蚜虫种群消长动态及其历史演变情况,分析了烟蚜发生期内气温、雨日雨量、相对湿度和日照时数对烟蚜发生量的影响效应。在此基础上,结合以往的调查数据,应用DPS统计软件进行逐步回归分析,初步建立了烟蚜发生程度短期预测模型Y=-24.87+1.27X1+0.13X2+1.54X4+2.70X6+4.06X11-3.85X13(其中,X1=移栽前期10 d内日诱蚜量;X2=上年12月日气温≥10℃的积温;X4=2月均温;X6=3月均温;X11=4月均温,X13=4月雨日数),经显著性检验和预报验证,回归方程达极显著水平,回测准确率平均达93.45%,实报验证误差率仅为1.80%~5.11%,说明入选预报因子比较切合贵州实际,预测模型具有较大的实用价值。     

基于R2U-Net和空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别

针对前处理工序造成的羊肉智能精细分割目标肌肉区图像识别准确度低的问题,以羊后腿自动去骨分割工序为研究对象,提出一种基于R2U-Net和紧凑空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别方法。对传统的U-Net语义分割网络进行改进,以U-Net为骨架网络,采用残差循环卷积块替换原始U-Net的特征编码模块和解码模块中的卷积块以避免U-Net的梯度消失,在特征编码模块和特征解码模块之间增加一个紧凑的四分支空洞卷积模块对语义特征进行多尺度编码,实现缝匠肌图像分割模型的构建。一方面,针对缝匠肌这一核心目标肌肉区,采集羊后腿图像构建数据集训练与测试本文模型,以验证该方法的准确性与实时性;另一方面,通过旋量法标定夹爪坐标系、相机点云坐标系、机器人坐标系的齐次变换矩阵以计算分割路径,并采用主动柔顺的力/位混合控制方法操纵分割机器人进行目标切削运动,验证基于本文方法得到的目标图像开展目标肌肉分割的可行性。相关试验结果表明：当交并比为0.8588时,本文方法平均精确度为0.9820,优于R2U-Net的(0.8324,0.9775);单样本检测时间平均为82ms,说明本文方法可快速、准确分割出缝匠肌图像,满足机器人自主分割系统的实时性要求,优于U-Net、R2U-Net、AttU-Net算法。最后,在本文方法得到的缝匠肌图像基础上开展机器人实机分割试验,机器人对5条羊后腿的平均切削时间为7.9s,平均偏移距离为4.36mm,最大偏移距离不大于5.9mm,满足羊后腿去骨分割的精度要求。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象,采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态,并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法,结合不同预处理方法,对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面,瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果;S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能,校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98,马修斯相关系数为0.97;而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面,S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果;瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913,均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此,在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用,为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

英国球迷群体认同多元化发展研究*

通过文献资料、访谈和数理统计等方法,对英国足球球迷群体多元化发展进行了研究。从足球球迷群体的发展历程看,英国足球球迷群体的形成最初基于鲜明地域认同,随着传统社区改变、媒体和消费文化的发展,球迷群体认同已经由最初单一的地域性认同发展为包含了液态社区认同在内的多元化认同。球迷群体的地域性和历史性不再是联系球迷的主要纽带,以兴趣性和消费性为认同基础形成的球迷文化逐渐成为球迷文化的重要内容。多元化的足球球迷群体意味着足球俱乐部经营策略的多元化。俱乐部需要更加清晰地把握球迷群体发展的阶段和特征,进而促使俱乐部和利益相关方提供更加有针对性的产品和服务,为足球俱乐部的发展提供更加有利的支持。     

广东省青少年跆拳道运动员损伤特点研究

通过对青少年跆拳道运动员训练、比赛期间运动损伤特点的调查,分析该项目在青少年群体中运动损伤发生的机制、原因,运用Kazemi M的损伤调查问卷,对123名青少年跆拳道运动员（男运动员70名,女运动员53名）进行问卷调查为青少年业余跆拳道运动员训练、比赛过程中预防损伤发生提供重要的理论参考依据。     

Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of High Strength Single Angle Compression Member Eccentrically at One End

To analyze mechanical behavior of Q460 high strength single angle steel struts with an eccentric load at one end in transmission towers, experimental analysis and theoretical calculation were carried out to study the overall stability and local buckling of members. Spherical hinge bearing and double knife edge bearing were applied at axial end of specimens. Influence of some factors on bearing capacity of compression members with eccentricities at both ends was analyzed, such as the end supporting conditions and residual stresses. It was shown that whether spherical hinge bearing or double knife edge bearing was used at axial end, the mechanical behavior can be accurately presented and the residual stresses affected the ultimate load carrying capacity by about 5％ or less. Compared with different methods, such as experiment method、finite element method, method in the Guide for American Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structure（ASCE101997）and method in Chinese Technical Regulation of Design for Tower and Pole Structure of Overhead Transmission Line (DL/T51542002), it was found that the calculated strength of high strength steel member by standard calculation method in DL/T51542000 was over conservative. According to the research results, the revised formulas of ASCE were proposed with dividing actual material strength by the resistance coefficient of rR=1.111. Therefore, the experimental results can provide reference for designing high strength Q460 single angle steel members compressed eccentrically at one end.     

Dynamic analysis and optimization of gear trains in a megawatt level wind turbine

Through coupling vibration analysis of the transmission system of a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox, a torsional vibration model of a gear drive system in wind turbines is established. The fourth order Runge Kutta integration method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of a gear system caused by wind loads, time varying meshing stiffness, and system damping. The harmonic balance method is used to find the analytic solution. Based on the solution, a mathematical model for optimum gear system design is established. The model aims at minimizing the vibration acceleration of the planet gear and the total mass of the gear transmission system. The optimization toolbox in MATLAB program is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. A calculated example shows that the primary natural frequency of the gear system has been raised, the dynamic properties of the gear train have been improved remarkably, and the total mass of the gear train has been decreased.     

Numerical analysis on the performance of spiral antennas

The surfaces of the Planar Spiral Antennas and Conical Spiral Antennas are analyzed with planar triangle. The surface currents of the antennas are solved by using the Method of Moment (MoM) based on the RWG basis function. The input impedance, directivity, gain, radiated power and radiation field of the antenna can be found. The results indicate that, in very wide frequency band, the value of the input impedance equals to the theoretical value of Self-Compensated antennas (in agreement with Babinet-booker' principle), which is,188.5 ohm , the half of the wave impedance of free space, while the directivity, gain and radiated power are stable within the frequency band. When the antenna is driven by the signal of derivative Gaussian pulse, the radiating electric field waveform is obtained by the Fourier transform. When the spiral antenna is used as the pulse radiation antenna, the waveform of the radiation electric field shows the characteristics of the Gaussian quadratic differential.     

Numerical analysis of noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell

FEM/BEM (Finite Element Method/Boundary Element Method) mode analysis of the noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell is conducted. The natural frequency is compared between FEM/BEM analysis and experimental analysis. The FEM/BEM results are agreed with the experiment results, which proves that the finite element model is correct. The frequency response is analyzed and the structure’s noise radiation is simulated by means of FEM/BEM, in order to predict the noise radiation from the motorcycle engine shell and gain the sound field characteristic outside the structure. The calculation data is compared with the experiment data in different frequency bands. The result shows high accordance, which indicates that this method is effective.     

Site selection for a measuring and controlling device of initial phase based on maximum elevation angle

We introduced a site selection method based on the modified maximum elevation angle intended for mountains possibly affecting the measurement and control of the initial phase in a launching port located in mountainous areas. To use the former analysis results, the method, along the helices whose center is the launcher's project point, analyze each point's visibility on the helices. The visible area can be obtained by comparing the visibility at each moment in the initial phase. Finally, there can be three points in the above visible area with distances longer than required.