人工老化处理对桔梗种子生理生化特性的影响

【目的】研究人工老化过程中桔梗种子萌发特性和生理生化指标的变化,揭示其劣变机理。【方法】以桔梗种子为材料,采用高温(40℃)高湿(相对湿度95%)的方法对种子进行人工老化处理,且于0~10d,隔天测定1次桔梗种子发芽指标、相对含水量和相对电导率、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性。【结果】随着人工老化时间的延长,桔梗种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率和活力指数均下降;种子的质膜透性明显增大,可溶性蛋白含量和保护酶活性则明显下降,而可溶性糖、脯氨酸和MDA含量呈先升高后下降趋势。相关分析表明,发芽指标与SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,与相对含水量呈极显著负相关。【结论】在人工老化过程中,桔梗种子细胞膜受损,抗逆性物质脯氨酸含量增加,造成渗透调节物质积累和保护酶系统受到破坏,致使种子活力丧失,这可能是引起桔梗种子老化的重要原因。     

Environmental Impact Modeling of Urban Sprawl in Beijing, P. R. China

City expansion is a major driving force altering local and regional hydrology and increasing non point source (NPS) pollution. To explore these environmental consequences of urbanization, long term runoff and NPS pollution were assessed in Beijing, P. R. China. The assessment was based on land use types, soil hydrology, and long term precipitation data. The environmental impact model L THIA was used. The outcomes indicate that the area likely would be subjected to impacts from urbanization on runoff and some types of NPS pollution. Urban sprawl will increase runoff volume considerably and significantly increase losses of COD and certain heavy metals such as Pb, Zn in runoff. The results of this study have significant implications for urban planning and decision making efforts to protect and remediate water and habitat quality in the Beijing area. The techniques described herein can be used in other areas.     

陕南乔木树种资源多样性研究

【目的】调查研究陕南野生乔木树种资源,为该区野生植物资源的合理开发利用提供依据。【方法】采用样线和样地调查相结合的方法,对陕南乔木树种的种类组成、地理分布区类型和观赏特点等进行研究。【结果】1）陕南地区乔木树种共计57科139属344种,其中槭树科、蔷薇科、壳斗科和桦木科为优势科,槭树属、李属、栎属和鹅耳枥属为优势属;常绿乔木83种,落叶乔木261种;单子叶植物7种,双子叶植物337种。2）该区乔木树种属于11个地理分布区类型,其中世界分布类型居首位,占28.06%。3）该区乔木树种按观赏特点可分为5大类,以观叶类最多,占28.49%;其次为观花类和观冠类,分别占25.58%和21.51%;观干类较少,占13.95%;观果类最少,仅占10.47%。【结论】陕南乔木树种资源丰富,开发利用潜力巨大,加强对野生乔木树种的合理引种,可以丰富城镇园林植物的多样性。     

Hybrid field network simulation of temperature in a building fire

A connecting platform between the field model and network model has been constructed, based on a multi functional building model. The field model is used to simulate the fire smoke in certain special compartments (the fire room and specific large space rooms), while the network model is used to simulate the uniform compartments. When combining the simulation results of the field model and network model as the interface boundary conditions for the each other, a hybrid field and network model is presented. The hybrid field network model can provide more detailed physical information of the fire smoke properties under a specific fire scenario for the specially confined compartments. In addition, the hybrid model can predict the fire smoke flow properties in the building accurately.     

A Type of Architectural Esthetics with Publicizing Vitality: Understanding the Qiang Community in Taoping

The life style, military defense and religious belief of the Qiang people combined with the local natural environment created a special architectural esthetic found in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in P. R. China. The esthetics of this Qiang community are expressed clearly in the harmonious mountainous settlement, and plain housing shape. We expound on their characteristic watchtower construction. The esthetic significance and value of this Qiang community lies in unfolding the great strength of tragic art. We further elaborate on the commendable innovative spirit formed in the difficult times faced by the Qiang natconality. Their landscapes also manifest the highest level of architectural esthetics that regional architecture has achieved.     

玉米单倍体诱导系JS6-2诱导效果的研究

【目的】探讨玉米单倍体诱导系JS6-2对不同基础材料、不同授粉时期和果穗不同部位的诱导效果,为玉米单倍体育种技术的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米单倍体诱导系JS6-2为诱导材料,Stock6和农大高诱1号为对照,对不同基础材料进行了杂交诱导,同时比较了不同授粉时期、不同果穗部位对单倍体诱导率的影响。【结果】JS6-2对自交系及杂交种均具有诱导产生单倍体的能力,对自交系诱导中,JS6-2单倍体诱导率(8.29%)明显高于农大高诱1号(1.70%)和Stock6(0.66%);对杂交种诱导中,JS6-2单倍体诱导率(8.22%)同样明显高于其他2个诱导系(1.35%和0.76%)。JS6-2杂交诱导单倍体最佳时期为雌穗吐丝后3~8d;果穗顶部的单倍体诱导率(6.87%)高于底部(5.61%)。【结论】玉米单倍体诱导系JS6-2的诱导效果明显好于农大高诱1号和Stock6;Reid、No Reid材料以及Reid×DOM和No Reid×DOM杂优模式材料的单倍体诱导率高;田间杂交诱导时,建议在雌穗吐丝3~5d整齐剪断花丝进行杂交诱导,单倍体诱导效果好。     

一株基因Ⅵ型鸭新城疫病毒F基因的克隆及序列分析

以一株鸭新城疫病毒NDV-SS分离株基因组RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增其F基因,并进行克隆和序列测定。通过序列分析软件将该毒株F基因氨基酸推导序列与GenBank上已发表的新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus, NDV）F基因相关代表序列进行同源性及遗传进化关系分析。测序结果表明,NDV-SS株F基因全长1662 bp,编码553个氨基酸,其蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,符合NDV强毒株特有的序列结构特征。同源性及遗传进化关系分析结果表明,NDV-SS株为基因Ⅵ型毒株,与鸽源新城疫IT-227、Italy-2736分离株具有较高同源性和较近的亲缘关系,推测其可能是由鸽源新城疫病毒变异所产生的。     

体细胞核移植技术生产转基因猪胚胎的研究

以转染绿色荧光蛋白基因的猪胎儿成纤维阳性细胞作为体细胞核移植的核供体,体外成熟卵母细胞为核移植受体构建绿色荧光蛋白转基因克隆猪胚胎,研究供核细胞的处理、注核部位及重构胚融合/激活时间对转GFP克隆胚早期发育的影响.结果显示,胎儿成纤维细胞血清饥饿与非饥饿培养10 d处理组,采用卵周间隙核移植重构胚的卵裂率（82.35%和79.07%）差异不显著(P >0.05);体外培养42~44 h 卵母细胞进行胞质内和卵周间隙注核的重构胚胎,其卵裂率（81.11%和76.80%）差异不显著（P >0.05）;将卵周间隙注射法构建重构胚在0~1 h,2~4 h 和6~8 h 进行融合/激活操作,前2组重构胚卵裂率（75.61%和83.07%）无显著差异(P >0.05),但显著高于第3组（60.00%）的卵裂率(P <0.05).     

抚育对北京低山侧柏游憩林灌草生物多样性的影响

该文研究低山厚土阳、阴坡侧柏游憩林抚育前和抚育1年后林下灌草生物多样性的变化情况。抚育措施包括清死枝、修活枝、割灌木等。结果表明:在阳坡侧柏游憩林内,抚育后灌木的Shannon指数、Shannon均匀度指数、Simpson指数、丰富度指数升高,提高幅度在0.6%～204.2%之间,且灌木优势种的优势地位减弱;而草本层的Shannon指数、Shannon均匀度指数、Simpson指数、丰富度指数都有所降低,降低幅度在9.0%～19.7%之间,且草本层中优势种的优势地位有所加强。在阴坡侧柏游憩林内,抚育后林下灌木的丰富度指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数分别提高83.3%、32.4%和13.9%,且灌木优势种的优势地位减弱;而草本层的丰富度指数和Shannon指数增加18.7%和2.5%,且草本优势种的优势地位有所加强。研究认为,在北京低山侧柏游憩林内进行抚育是可行的。      

香樟人工林土壤表层细根形态特征、生物量及碳氮含量变化

【目的】探讨香樟人工林土壤表层(0~20cm)细根形态特征、生物量及碳氮含量变化动态,为深入研究人工林细根的养分、水分吸收规律及碳在地下的分配特点提供基础资料。【方法】选取四川雅安市雨城区老板山31年生香樟人工林,随机设置20m×20m样地3块,于2011年的1,4,7和10月份,在各样地按"S"形选取5个采样点,采用根钻法,分0~10和10~20cm土层采集根系样品,用WinRHIZO 2005根系分析系统对细根形态进行分析,并测定细根生物量及碳氮含量。【结果】1)1~5级细根随着根序的增加,平均直径、生物量和细根C含量逐渐增大,比根长(SRL)、根长密度(RLD)和细根N含量逐渐降低。2)细根平均生物量为793.29kg/hm2,其中0~10cm土层细根生物量占土壤表层细根总生物量的64.66%;与10~20cm土层相比,0~10cm土层细根具有较高的SRL和RLD以及较小的直径;0~10cm土层细根C、N含量均高于10~20cm土层。3)细根生物量在春季和秋季较高,在夏季和冬季较低;SRL和RLD夏季最大,冬季最小;而直径夏季最细,冬季最粗;细根C含量冬季最高,夏季最低;N含量夏季最高,春季和冬季均较低。【结论】根序对细根形态、生物量和C、N含量的变化具有极显著影响,而季节对细根形态、生物量和C、N含量变化的影响要远小于根序。