基于R2U-Net和空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别

针对前处理工序造成的羊肉智能精细分割目标肌肉区图像识别准确度低的问题,以羊后腿自动去骨分割工序为研究对象,提出一种基于R2U-Net和紧凑空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别方法。对传统的U-Net语义分割网络进行改进,以U-Net为骨架网络,采用残差循环卷积块替换原始U-Net的特征编码模块和解码模块中的卷积块以避免U-Net的梯度消失,在特征编码模块和特征解码模块之间增加一个紧凑的四分支空洞卷积模块对语义特征进行多尺度编码,实现缝匠肌图像分割模型的构建。一方面,针对缝匠肌这一核心目标肌肉区,采集羊后腿图像构建数据集训练与测试本文模型,以验证该方法的准确性与实时性;另一方面,通过旋量法标定夹爪坐标系、相机点云坐标系、机器人坐标系的齐次变换矩阵以计算分割路径,并采用主动柔顺的力/位混合控制方法操纵分割机器人进行目标切削运动,验证基于本文方法得到的目标图像开展目标肌肉分割的可行性。相关试验结果表明：当交并比为0.8588时,本文方法平均精确度为0.9820,优于R2U-Net的(0.8324,0.9775);单样本检测时间平均为82ms,说明本文方法可快速、准确分割出缝匠肌图像,满足机器人自主分割系统的实时性要求,优于U-Net、R2U-Net、AttU-Net算法。最后,在本文方法得到的缝匠肌图像基础上开展机器人实机分割试验,机器人对5条羊后腿的平均切削时间为7.9s,平均偏移距离为4.36mm,最大偏移距离不大于5.9mm,满足羊后腿去骨分割的精度要求。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象,采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态,并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法,结合不同预处理方法,对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面,瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果;S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能,校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98,马修斯相关系数为0.97;而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面,S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果;瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913,均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此,在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用,为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

多尺度土壤质地与光谱空间非平稳性关系探究

基于210个杞麓湖流域实测土壤质地样本数据,对比了偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、地理加权回归(GWR)、多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)3种不同方法反演土壤质地的效果,并探究差异化作用尺度下土壤质地与光谱关系的空间异质性。结果表明,MGWR的R2、MAE、RMSE指标优于GWR和PLSR,其拟合效果最好,原因在于MGWR考虑了系数间差异化的空间尺度,能更好拟合土壤质地(黏粒、粉粒和沙粒)与光谱之间的关系;MGWR回归结果揭示了不同光谱潜变量对黏粒、粉粒和沙粒含量的多尺度差异化的空间响应规律。其中,光谱潜变量LV1对黏粒、粉粒、沙粒响应程度最大,其MGWR标准化回归系数分别为0.373、0.426、0.422。     

Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of High Strength Single Angle Compression Member Eccentrically at One End

To analyze mechanical behavior of Q460 high strength single angle steel struts with an eccentric load at one end in transmission towers, experimental analysis and theoretical calculation were carried out to study the overall stability and local buckling of members. Spherical hinge bearing and double knife edge bearing were applied at axial end of specimens. Influence of some factors on bearing capacity of compression members with eccentricities at both ends was analyzed, such as the end supporting conditions and residual stresses. It was shown that whether spherical hinge bearing or double knife edge bearing was used at axial end, the mechanical behavior can be accurately presented and the residual stresses affected the ultimate load carrying capacity by about 5％ or less. Compared with different methods, such as experiment method、finite element method, method in the Guide for American Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structure（ASCE101997）and method in Chinese Technical Regulation of Design for Tower and Pole Structure of Overhead Transmission Line (DL/T51542002), it was found that the calculated strength of high strength steel member by standard calculation method in DL/T51542000 was over conservative. According to the research results, the revised formulas of ASCE were proposed with dividing actual material strength by the resistance coefficient of rR=1.111. Therefore, the experimental results can provide reference for designing high strength Q460 single angle steel members compressed eccentrically at one end.     

Dynamic analysis and optimization of gear trains in a megawatt level wind turbine

Through coupling vibration analysis of the transmission system of a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox, a torsional vibration model of a gear drive system in wind turbines is established. The fourth order Runge Kutta integration method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of a gear system caused by wind loads, time varying meshing stiffness, and system damping. The harmonic balance method is used to find the analytic solution. Based on the solution, a mathematical model for optimum gear system design is established. The model aims at minimizing the vibration acceleration of the planet gear and the total mass of the gear transmission system. The optimization toolbox in MATLAB program is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. A calculated example shows that the primary natural frequency of the gear system has been raised, the dynamic properties of the gear train have been improved remarkably, and the total mass of the gear train has been decreased.     

Numerical analysis of noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell

FEM/BEM (Finite Element Method/Boundary Element Method) mode analysis of the noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell is conducted. The natural frequency is compared between FEM/BEM analysis and experimental analysis. The FEM/BEM results are agreed with the experiment results, which proves that the finite element model is correct. The frequency response is analyzed and the structure’s noise radiation is simulated by means of FEM/BEM, in order to predict the noise radiation from the motorcycle engine shell and gain the sound field characteristic outside the structure. The calculation data is compared with the experiment data in different frequency bands. The result shows high accordance, which indicates that this method is effective.     

信阳茶园农药残留动态监测

为摸清信阳茶园常用药剂的残留情况,跟踪检测20%啶虫脒可溶性液剂、50%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂等10种农药施用后在不同时期新鲜茶叶内的农药残留参数。检测结果显示,25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂在药后2 h时检测出含量为7.320 mg/kg,与欧盟规定茶叶中最高农药残留限量要求的10 mg/kg较接近,但其消解速度较快,在第3天时已降至2.060 mg/kg。综合看,茶小绿叶蝉和茶尺蠖对10种药剂的抗药性水平较低,且茶叶药剂残留量均在欧盟规定茶叶中最高农药残留限量范围内。