干旱胁迫对槭叶草生长及光合生理特性的影响

【目的】研究土壤干旱胁迫对槭叶草生长及光合生理特性的影响,为槭叶草的引种驯化及在园林绿化中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以长白山槭叶草3年生种子苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水方式,以正常浇水为对照,研究干旱胁迫0(胁迫前),5,10,15,20,25和30d槭叶草的生长、生理指标、光合色素含量及光合参数的变化。【结果】随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,槭叶草的株高和叶面积呈先升高后降低的趋势,叶片相对含水量、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量显著下降,叶片自然水分饱和亏缺、相对电导率(REC)及丙二醛(MDA)含量均不断升高。叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均不断下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先降低后升高,水分利用率(WUE)和气孔限制值(Ls)先升高后降低。干旱胁迫15d以内(盆栽基质的相对含水量(SRWC)为18.49%),槭叶草叶片净光合速率下降是由气孔限制因素引起的;而此后,随着干旱时间的延长,净光合速率的下降是由非气孔限制因素引起的。【结论】槭叶草表现出较强的抗旱性;在发生持续干旱时,对槭叶草进行补水最好能在干旱发生的15d内进行。     

A Highly Activated Mineral Admixture Slurry Consisting of a Wet discharged Fly ash and Carbide Lime Composite

To recycle wet discharged fly ash and carbide lime effectively, a highly activated mineral admixture slurry consisting of both these components was investigated. The preparation technology of mineral admixture slurry made from a composite of wet discharged fly ash and carbide lime and the strengths, hydration products change (XRD, SEM) of cement paste made by the slurry were studied. The results indicate that the optimal proportion between wet discharged fly ash and carbide lime (solid content) is 75:25 in the process of wet milling preparation. The alkaline environment provided by carbide lime with high Ca(OH)2content and cement hydration accelerated by modified agents can promote early activation of fly ash, and accelerate its secondary hydration reaction.     

Dynamic simulation of and experimentation with tracked vehicle hydrostatic steering characteristics of zero differential systems of a power shift steering transmission

This research investigated problems influencing tracked vehicles steering dynamic characteristics, such as rolling resistance during straight driving, steering centrifugal resistance, acceleration resistance during straight driving, scratching soil resistance of steering. Based on research about the relationship between the hydraulic steering regulation speed system and its maximum stable work pressure when vehicles have central steering on good roads (such as cement and rural roads), a zero differential hydraulic steering system of power shift steering transmission can ensure that vehicles maintain straight ahead stability through reasonably matching a steering drive system. The test indicates that vehicles have good dynamic characteristics when the work pressure accounted for 60% to 80% of the security work pressure.     

双斑截尾寄蝇卵及幼虫发育过程及形态特征观察

双斑截尾寄蝇(Nemorilla maculosa Meigen)为草地螟(Loxostege sticticalisL.)寄生蝇的优势种之一,是草地螟重要的寄生性天敌,本文首次报道了双斑截尾寄蝇卵期及幼虫期的各个虫龄的形态特征及发育过程。研究结果表明:双斑截尾寄蝇在以草地螟为寄主时的卵期约为4d,从卵孵化到离体化蛹的整个幼虫期可以分为3个虫龄,1龄虫期为1d左右,体色为白色,体长约为1.27mm;2龄虫期为4d左右,淡黄色,体长约为1.87mm;3龄虫期为2d左右,淡黄色,体长约为5.24mm。     

基于流场特性的液力缓速器叶栅角度优化设计

为了提高液力缓速器制动转矩系数,对液力缓速器内湍流流动进行了三维瞬态多相流数值模拟。通过对其内流场特性分析,发现液力缓速器工作流道的壁面脱离现象以及弦面内产生的涡旋区不利于恒定制动转矩的输出。针对这一问题,考虑到液力缓速器各结构参数之间的相关性,对多参数共同作用的内流场进行数值分析,优化叶栅参数。结果表明,通过分析多参数共同作用的流场来优化缓速器叶栅参数的方法比较合理;对液力缓速器叶片前倾角和叶片前缘倒角进行优化后,叶轮流道内存在的涡团和流动分离现象基本消失,制动转矩系数提高6%。     

Dynamic analysis and optimization of gear trains in a megawatt level wind turbine

Through coupling vibration analysis of the transmission system of a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox, a torsional vibration model of a gear drive system in wind turbines is established. The fourth order Runge Kutta integration method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of a gear system caused by wind loads, time varying meshing stiffness, and system damping. The harmonic balance method is used to find the analytic solution. Based on the solution, a mathematical model for optimum gear system design is established. The model aims at minimizing the vibration acceleration of the planet gear and the total mass of the gear transmission system. The optimization toolbox in MATLAB program is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. A calculated example shows that the primary natural frequency of the gear system has been raised, the dynamic properties of the gear train have been improved remarkably, and the total mass of the gear train has been decreased.     

Plastic upper bound theory reliability analysis of coal gangue hills

We established the plasticity limit analysis reliability limit state equation and the reliability calculating formula for gangue hills using the JC method. This work was based on the plasticity mechanics limit analysis upper bound theory and traditional slice methods. A reliability index of gangue hill stability was derived using this equation. It was found that the safety coefficient of gangue hills derived by the limit state equation risks failure if the variability of cohesion and internal friction angle are not considered. When the variability of the strength parameters rises, the reliability theory more consistently projects practicality than the limit state equation for gangue hill stability assessment.     

contact stress and steady thermal analysis of herringbone gears in a gas turbine

To obtain the distribution characteristic of contact stress and the bulk temperature on the surface of herringbone gears, parameter modeling of gears was carried out by parametric design language. A numerical simulation was given to calculate the contact stress field and the steady thermal field by combining heat transfer theory, tribology theory, and mesh theory. The distribution of contact stress, the bulk temperature and heat flux also were analyzed. The analysis results show that the distribution of the load along the contact line possesses regularity. The heat flux along the tooth depth direction decreases first and then increases. The effect of thermal conduction of the tooth is stronger than that of convective heat transfer. The conclusion indicates that the finite element emulation method can be used to estimate the transmission performance of herringbone gears.     

基于GF集理论的五自由度混联机器人构型综合

基于GF集理论提出了一种简单而有效的混联机器人构型综合方法。首先阐述了GF集的基本概念、运算法则及转动特征存在条件。其次通过分析混联机构结构组成特点,提出了基于GF集元素组合和转动轴线迁移定理安排混联机构拓扑结构的方法,建立了混联机构数综合方程并给出了混联机构构型综合的具体步骤。基于该构型综合理论,综合出了具有确定运动特征的3T2R混联机构。针对综合出的混联机构,提出了一种混联机构末端运动特征的分析方法,运用该方法分析了一种综合得到的3PRPaRRR混联机构,证明了该构型理论的正确性。设计出的3PRPaRRR混联机构具有结构紧凑、定位精确、高速等优点,同时给出了实例应用。     

Study on Intelligent Displaying Mechanism of Control Fissure of Perilous Rock

Perilous rock is a kind of typical disaster and characterized by multitudinous structural planes; when the disaster happens, only one of the planes is the control fissue and the others are secondary. In this paper, the authors have done some attempts for