Can soil respiration estimate neglect the contribution of abiotic exchange？

This study examines the hypothesis that soil respiration can always be interpreted purely in terms of biotic processes, neglecting the contribution of abiotic exchange to CO2 fluxes in alkaline soils of arid areas that characterize 5% of the Earth’s total land surface. Analyses on flux data collected from previous studies suggested reconciling soil respiration as organic(root/microbial respiration) and inorganic(abiotic CO2 exchange) respiration, whose contributions in the total CO2 flux were determined by soil alkaline content. On the basis of utilizing meteorological and soil data collected from the Xinjiang and Central Asia Scientific Data Sharing Platform, an incorporated model indicated that inorganic respiration represents almost half of the total CO2 flux. Neglecting the abiotic module may result in overestimates of soil respiration in arid alkaline lands, which partly explains the long-sought "missing carbon sink".     

Selection of Materials in Building Design

The selection of materials in building_design is explained by several actual examples and the relationship between materials and design is studied in this paper.     

水稻细胞质雄性不育性与组织抗氰呼吸关系的研究

抗氰呼吸与雄性不育的关系是近几年植物雄性不育生理生化研究的热点之一。Kuiper曾报道,雄性不育的车前草幼苗根组织与保持系相比具较低水平的抗氰呼吸。随后,夏涛和刘纪麟及Musgrave等分别在玉米、堆心菊(Helenium amarum(Raf.)H.Rock)、披针叶车前草(Plantago     

油菜细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系不同发育阶段内源激素动态变化初探

利用酶联免疫测定技术研究了波里马（polima）油菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系不同发育阶段叶片和花蕾中IAA、GAs、ABA和iPAs的动态变化。研究结果表明：（1）叶片和花蕾中GAs含量均先降后升,但不育系的含量比保持系的高。（2）不育系叶片中IAA含量先升后降,而保持系的与此相反,且前者的含量在大多数时期高于后者;不育系花蕾中的IAA先降后升,而保持系的却一直降低,且前者的含量高于后者。（3）两系叶片和花蕾中ABA含量变化趋势相似,但以不育系为高。（4）iPAs在整个检测过程中始终低于检测范围。提示不育系叶片和花蕾中IAA、GAs和ABA含量变化出现了异常,且明显高于保持系,这可能与雄性不育有关。     

Responses of growth performance,antioxidant function,small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers

This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet (contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^–1) supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 320, 640, and 1,280 ...     

Autophagy and the nutritional signaling pathway

During their growth and development, animals adapt to tremendous changes in order to survive. These include responses to both environmental and physiological changes and autophagy is one of most important adaptive and regulatory mechanisms. Autophagy is defined as an autolytic process to clear damaged cellular organelles and recycle the nutrients via lysosomic degradation. The process of autophagy responds to special conditions such as nutrient withdrawal. Once autophagy is induced, phagophores form and then elongate and curve to form autophagosomes. Autophagosomes then engulf cargo, fuse with endosomes, and finally fuse with lysosomes for maturation. During the initiation process, the ATG1/ULK1 (unc-51-like kinase 1) and VPS34 (which encodes a class III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase) complexes are critical in recruitment and assembly of other complexes required for autophagy. The process of autophagy is regulated by autophagy related genes (ATGs). Amino acid and energy starvation mediate autophagy by activating mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the energy status sensor, the core nutrient signaling component and the metabolic kinase of cells. This review mainly focuses on the mechanism of autophagy regulated by nutrient signaling especially for the two important complexes, ULK1 and VPS34.     

Source Water Quality Improvement under Special Riverine Ecosystem with Ecological Embankments

An experimental model was made on the improvement of sources water quality through the construction of a special riverine ecosystem using ecological embankments, which consisted of porous concrete, microorganism and hydrophytes. It was found that, with six day as retention time (RT), the removal rates were 20.9% for CODMn, 13.4% for UV254, 81.4% for NH+4-N, 96.8% for NO2-N and 67.7% for TN. In contrast, in the control pool with hard embankment, the removal rates only reached 9.6% for CODMn, 5.0% for UV254, 70.8% for NH+4-N, 42.4% for NO2-N and 34.6% for TN. Through coordination of all constituent elements of special aquatic ecosystem such as porous concrete, hydrophytes and substrate micro organisms, organic pollutants and nitrogen can be removed effectively.     

Dynamic analysis and optimization of gear trains in a megawatt level wind turbine

Through coupling vibration analysis of the transmission system of a 1.5 MW wind turbine gearbox, a torsional vibration model of a gear drive system in wind turbines is established. The fourth order Runge Kutta integration method is applied to calculate the dynamic response of a gear system caused by wind loads, time varying meshing stiffness, and system damping. The harmonic balance method is used to find the analytic solution. Based on the solution, a mathematical model for optimum gear system design is established. The model aims at minimizing the vibration acceleration of the planet gear and the total mass of the gear transmission system. The optimization toolbox in MATLAB program is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. A calculated example shows that the primary natural frequency of the gear system has been raised, the dynamic properties of the gear train have been improved remarkably, and the total mass of the gear train has been decreased.     

Quantitative Analysis of Influencing Factors for Settlement Generation

In the research of settlement renovation nowadays, because of the lack of a quantitative analysis, it was difficult to get a scientific, reasonable, systemic quantitative conclusion. This paper is presented to build a scientific,systemic and quantitative analysis method through which many influence factors invloved in the research of settlement, such as physical environment, social behavior and relatoins among these factors were quantitatively analyzed to get a system with generative simulation in the whole and detailed quantitative analysis for each individual factor, and to make the communication and judgement of the result easy.      

转bar基因水稻恢复系的生理性状和农艺性状

通过杂交将转bar基因水稻亲本（Gulfmont、Bengal Hu-10和Cypress PB-6）中的bar基因转发转移到恢复系测64、明恢63和特青中，培育出6个抗除草剂（Liberty）的同型恢复系测64－B（G）、测64－B(C)、特青－B（C）、明恢63－B（G）和明恢63－B（C）。抗除草剂同型恢复系的大部分生理性状和主要农艺性状与原恢复系接近。将同型恢复系与不育系杂交，选配出8个抗除草剂三系杂交组合和2个抗除草剂两系杂交组合，抗除草剂组合能保持或略高于原组合的产量水平，利用这项技术有望解决杂交稻制种过程中出现的纯度问题。