施氮对稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值的影响

以培杂双七为试验材料,研究不同施氮量对糙米淀粉粘滞谱特性的影响.结果显示,随着施氮量的增加稻米蛋白质含量增加.糙米淀粉粘滞谱曲线整体下降,开始糊化时间延长,糙米淀粉RVA谱的峰值粘度、热浆粘度、崩解值、最终粘度、回复值和消减值随施氮量的增加呈显著或极显著下降.     

拮抗菌在新疆棉花黄萎病防治中的初步应用

通过对3个不同黄萎病抗性的棉花品种进行种子引发、丸粒化、引发+丸粒化+灌根3种方式处理,同时在棉花黄萎病鉴定圃调查拮抗菌3种处理方法的田间防效,确定拮抗菌最佳应用方式为“引发+丸粒化+灌根”,接菌浓度为1×109 cfu·mL-1;拮抗菌处理对3个不同黄萎病抗性的棉花品种第一次发病高峰的黄萎病田间防效可达30％～70％.初步建立了一种棉种携带拮抗菌制剂在棉花黄萎病防治中应用的方法.     

蛋白质中二硫键对稻米淀粉黏滞性的影响

在6个不同品种的稻米粉中添加二硫苏糖醇以打破米粉中蛋白质的二硫键,用快速粘度分析仪测定淀粉的黏滞谱,研究稻米中蛋白质二硫键对稻米黏滞性的影响。结果显示,样品中添加DTT（二硫苏糖醇）后,糊化温度降低,糯稻的峰值粘度下降,其他样品的峰值粘度上升,而消减值极显著降低。蛋白质影响米饭的蒸煮食味品质,可能是二硫键结合形成的蛋白质网络的变化引起稻米吸水性改变而起作用。     

香稻种质稻米淀粉RVA谱特征分析

采用粘度速测仪分析了42份来自不同国家的香稻种质资源的稻米淀粉粘滞性谱(RVA谱)和特征值间的相关性.结果表明,香稻种质稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值差异显著,谱线分化明显,各个特征值与稻米直链淀粉含量的高低也具有较好的相关性.因此.在测定直链淀粉含量的基础上辅以RVA谱特征,可以用来评价稻米的蒸煮与食用品质和筛选优质水稻品种.     

水稻第5节间长度与出穗促进率的相关性

出穗促进率和株高变化是反映水稻品种光温生态响应的重要指标。能否在育种阶段采用相对容易识别的性状来判断水稻品种的生态响应能力,对广适性品种的选育具有重要意义。本文从12个水稻亲本聚合杂交后代选出的36个高代稳定自交系及其亲本共48份材料,在湖北荆州作中稻以及在广州作早稻和晚稻,研究不同生态条件下株高及各组成成分变化与出穗促进率的变化规律。结果表明,第5节间长度是株高成分中最容易受环境影响的部分,其在不同季节的变化与出穗促进率呈现极显著的正相关性,在早稻和中稻、中稻和晚稻、早稻和晚稻3种情况下,第5节间长度变化和出穗促进率之间的相关系数分别为0.37、0.52和0.49,均达到了极显著水平,偏相关系数分别为0.42、0.43和0.36,也都达到了极显著水平。说明第五节间长度容易受光温条件的影响,是生态响应变化的重要指标,越是敏感的材料响应越大,适应性越差。因此,不同环境条件下第五节间长度可用作判断水稻品种对光温条件的响应指标。     

稻米蛋白质的研究进展

综述了国内外有关稻米蛋白质的分子结构、遗传机制、变化机理以及影响蛋白的环境因素、稻米蛋白质研究中常用的测定和提取方法的研究概况，提出目前在高蛋白质含量水稻品种的选育上存在的主要问题及育种新法，为水稻品质育种提供参考。     

水稻叶片叶绿素含量与衰老的关系

为了探明叶绿素含量与叶片衰老的关系,分别利用复合杂交后代的34份和130份材料,研究水稻生育后期自然强光对不同叶绿素含量水稻叶片衰老的影响.结果表明,试材叶片SPAD值在42时,叶绿素含量降解最快.高叶绿素含量材料(叶片SPAD值42以上)在灌浆初期较低叶绿素含量材料(叶片SPAD值42以下)叶绿素降解慢,但随后却高于低叶绿素含量材料的降解.说明在灌浆初期高叶绿素含量材料相对低叶绿素含量材料对强光的耐受性好,随后由于高叶绿素含量材料叶片SPAD值降至42左右,其叶绿素降低速度反而较低叶绿素含量材料快.     

乡村振兴背景下饲料产业对农业经济的发展路径分析——评《农业经济管理》

<正>“乡村振兴”是我国21世纪的重大战略之一,启动乡村振兴战略的根本目的是促进城乡一体化发展,既让农业转型为朝阳产业,也让农民成为有希望的职业,更让农村成为安居乐业的家园。从农业经济角度出发,乡村振兴战略的实施关键是产业振兴,而乡村社会中产业振兴的最优途径是在现有农业生产的基础上进行拓展创新,一方面保留并继承农业种植的基本优势,     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究综述

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水稻收获指数相关性状的研究

广东省农科院水稻研究所育成的水稻品种粤香占在9 000 kg/hm2的条件下收获指数达到0.6以上,比普通品种提高约0.1.以粤香占为材料、七丝占(收获指数为0.4)为对照进行水稻收获指数相关性状研究,结果表明:获得高收获指数不是仅靠增加单株产量,而要在增加单株产量的同时适当增加抽穗前植株高度使茎叶重达到一定的程度,同时使始穗期后物质运输主要贡献在穗部,而非茎长增量;收获指数遗传力极低,表现为典型的数量性状特点,各收获指数有关性状间关系十分复杂,茎长增量、始穗株高和成熟株高也许可作为间接影响收获指数的要素.