Site selection for a measuring and controlling device of initial phase based on maximum elevation angle

We introduced a site selection method based on the modified maximum elevation angle intended for mountains possibly affecting the measurement and control of the initial phase in a launching port located in mountainous areas. To use the former analysis results, the method, along the helices whose center is the launcher's project point, analyze each point's visibility on the helices. The visible area can be obtained by comparing the visibility at each moment in the initial phase. Finally, there can be three points in the above visible area with distances longer than required.     

Dynamic simulation of and experimentation with tracked vehicle hydrostatic steering characteristics of zero differential systems of a power shift steering transmission

This research investigated problems influencing tracked vehicles steering dynamic characteristics, such as rolling resistance during straight driving, steering centrifugal resistance, acceleration resistance during straight driving, scratching soil resistance of steering. Based on research about the relationship between the hydraulic steering regulation speed system and its maximum stable work pressure when vehicles have central steering on good roads (such as cement and rural roads), a zero differential hydraulic steering system of power shift steering transmission can ensure that vehicles maintain straight ahead stability through reasonably matching a steering drive system. The test indicates that vehicles have good dynamic characteristics when the work pressure accounted for 60% to 80% of the security work pressure.     

An edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm

In order to improve the convergence rate of genetic algorithms based on edge detection, a novel edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm (GGA) was proposed. The proposed method designed the crossover operation with the theory of good point set in which the progeny inherits the common genes of the parents which represent its family so as to improve the convergence rate of the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, before the algorithm was used for edge detection, the feature space of the image grey level was transformed into the feature space of the fuzzy entropy. Dissimilarity enhancement processing next was applied to the image by using a fuzzy entropy theory to filter the non edge pixels so as to reduce the scale of the solution domain. This approach offered another efficient way to improve the convergence rate. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm performs very well in terms of convergence rate. The detected edge image is well localized, thin, and robustly resistant to noise.     

基于降水保证指数的四川省种植制度优化研究

【目的】研究自然降水对四川省农业生态区作物需水的满足程度及其保证指数,为各区域充分合理利用降水资源,选择防旱避灾种植制度提供理论依据。【方法】依据气温、海拔、干燥度、地形地势、地理位置等特点,将四川农业生态区划分为8个不同类型区,采用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的分段单值平均作物系数法,订正各区域主要作物及其主要生育阶段的作物系数（初始生长期作物系数（K_cini）、生育中期作物系数（K_cmid）和成熟期作物系数（K_cend））,计算并比较各区域代表性站点的常见种植模式、主要作物、作物主要生育阶段自然降水对作物需水的满足度及其保证指数,选出各区域防旱避灾最优种植模式。【结果】①各种作物的K_cmid、K_cend值均小于或等于FAO的推荐值;盆地内部各区域作物系数较FAO推荐值偏低更多,攀西地区与FAO推荐值接近;小麦、油菜等夏收作物K_cend值均与FAO推荐值相同,而玉米、水稻等秋收作物K_cend值均低于FAO推荐值。②四川省各种植模式多年平均降水满足度地区之间差异较大。攀枝花、西昌、平武、成都、遂宁、巴中、宜宾、雅安降水满足度依次递增,分别为0.48,0.56,0.63,0.64,0.70,0.72,0.74,0.85。③四川省各种植模式降水保证指数变化范围较大,最低值仅为0.35,而最高值达到0.89。攀枝花各种植模式的降水保证指数普遍偏低,且多数低于0.4;雅安各种植模式的降水保证指数普遍较高,均在0.85以上。【结论】攀枝花等川西南山地干热河谷区、西昌等川西高原安宁河平原半湿润区和平武等川北半湿润山地丘陵过渡区最优种植制度为小麦-玉米-红薯（大豆）旱三熟;雅安等盆西高原盆地过渡湿润气候区和宜宾等川南中低山丘陵湿润气候区最优种植制度为油菜（马铃薯）-水稻水旱轮作两熟制;成都平原湿润气候区最优种植制度为马铃薯-水稻和油菜-玉米-红薯;遂宁等川中丘陵夏伏旱频发区最优种植制度为油菜（小麦）-玉米-红薯旱三熟;巴中等川东北盆周湿润山区防旱避灾最优种植制度为马铃薯（小麦）-玉米-红薯旱三熟。     

京海黄鸡IGFBP-1基因遗传多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

以京海黄鸡、AA鸡、尤溪麻鸡、边鸡等4个鸡品种为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1,IGFBP-1)第4外显子的多态性,并分析其对京海黄鸡生长性能的遗传效应。结果显示,在IGFBP-1第4外显子区检测到2处变异(5550T→C、5692AAT插入)。对于P3扩增片段,在尤溪麻鸡群体中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在AA鸡和边鸡品种中检测到AA和AB 2种基因型,京海黄鸡中只检测到AA基因型;对于P4扩增片段,在4个鸡品种中均检测到CC、CD、DD 3种基因型。最小二乘分析结果表明,京海黄鸡3种基因型个体的初生重存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。     

植烟土壤肥力因子与根际微生物数量的相关性

检测了四川省凉山州会理烟区土壤肥力及根际微生物数量,研究了两者之间的相关关系.利用多因子及互作项逐步回归方法得到肥力因子与微生物数量的回归方程.偏相关和通径分析结果表明:在烟草的团棵期,碱解氮与速效钾的正互作效应以及有效磷与pH的正互作效应与细菌数量呈正相关;旺长期,细菌数量与pH无显著相关性,与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量均呈显著相关;成熟期,碱解氮与细菌数量呈显著正相关.团棵期,有效磷与pH的正互作效应以及有机质与pH的正互作效应与真菌含量呈正相关;成熟期,碱解氮与真菌含量呈显著正相关性.不同时期的放线菌含量与有机质、pH以及有效磷具有相关性.说明在烟草的不同生长期,各种微生物数量与肥力因子的关系各不相同;同一生长期,不同种微生物量与肥力因子的关系也有很大差异.     

Robust adaptive control for nonlinear chaotic systems

Tracking control of a nonlinear uncertain Chua's chaotic system is studied. With coordinate transform, Chua's chaotic system is transformed to a general form of a strict feedback control system. Combining the backstepping method with robust control technology, an adaptive parameter control law for a robust output feedback control scheme is developed for output tracking of nonlinear unknown systems. It is shown that the derived robust adaptive controller based on Lyapunov stability theory can guarantee global uniformly bounded ultimate property for all states of the closed loop system, and lead to tracking error decreasing at exponential speed. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

针茅草颗粒对乌珠穆沁羊采食和反刍行为的影响

【目的】研究不同处理针茅草颗粒对乌珠穆沁羊采食和反刍行为的影响,为针茅草颗粒生产原料适宜含水量、粘合剂添加量和颗粒直径等技术参数的确定提供理论依据。【方法】用不同条件(原料含水率为12%~14%,14%~16%和16%~18%;颗粒直径为3,6和8mm;粘合剂添加量为1%,3%和5%)制备的针茅草颗粒对乌珠穆沁羊进行饲喂试验,对其采食和反刍行为进行观测。【结果】舍饲条件下,饲喂针茅草颗粒羊的平均昼夜采食时间302.18min,昼夜总反刍时间平均为377.43min,昼夜反刍周期19.40个、昼夜每个反刍周期持续时间22.51min,每个反刍周期逆呕食团27.37个,昼夜反刍食团咀嚼总次数为20 672.64次,2个食团吞咽平均逆呕间隔时间5.13s,每个食团的咀嚼次数为54.57次,咀嚼时间为60.23s。【结论】针茅在粉碎粒度为6mm、颗粒直径为8mm、原料含水率为14%~16%、粘合剂添加量为3%条件下加工成草颗粒,乌珠穆沁羊最喜食。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究吡唑醚菌酯在人参根、茎、叶和土壤中的残留动态及最终残留量

【目的】明确在人参生长期施用250 g·L-1吡唑醚菌酯乳油在人参根、茎、叶和土壤中的残留动态及最终残留量.【方法】样品经丙酮提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)固相萃取柱净化后,用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测.【结果和结论】施药剂量为666.67 g·hm-2(以有效成分计)时,吡唑醚菌酯在人参根、茎、叶和土壤中的降解半衰期为6.35~8.75 d.施药剂量为333.33~666.67 g·hm-2时,施药后60 d吡唑醚菌酯在人参根、茎、叶和土壤中的最终残留量低于0.020 6 mg·kg-1,因此建议施用250 g·L-1吡唑醚菌酯乳油时,施药剂量不高于666.67 g·hm-2,施药1次,安全间隔期为35 d.     

青杄类伸展蛋白基因PwELP1的克隆及表达分析

【目的】克隆青杄类伸展蛋白(extensin-like proteins,ELPs)基因PwELP1并分析该基因的表达特性,为研究ELP基因家族的功能奠定基础。【方法】以青杄cDNA文库为模板,用RACE-PCR方法克隆青杄类伸展蛋白编码基因PwELP1的cDNA全长,利用DNAMAN确定PwELP1的编码框及蛋白氨基酸的翻译,运用clustalx软件与Espript工具进行多序列比对,利用MEGA 5软件的邻位相连法构建系统树,并对编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析;利用RT-qPCR检测PwELP1基因在青杄不同组织中表达的特异性、花粉和种子不同萌发时期及幼苗受到不同逆境处理时的表达差异,分析该基因的组织发育及逆境响应表达特点。【结果】PwELP1基因全长832bp,其编码一个由159个氨基酸组成的蛋白,该蛋白的N端与C端均有比较保守的结构域;此蛋白二级结构由1个α-螺旋、5个β-折叠与3个β-转角结构构成,对其三级结构的预测印证了这一结果,同时发现该蛋白中还存在部分无规则卷曲。其分子质量为17.03ku,理论等电点为5.81。PwELP1在青杄花粉中的表达量较高,且在花粉萌发后期(30~36h)以及种子萌发初期(第2天)表达量高;PwELP1的表达不同程度地受低温、高温、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、H_2O_2、脱水以及脱落酸(ABA)等非生物逆境胁迫处理的诱导,尤其是H_2O_2、高温和ABA,处理初期表达量就显著升高。【结论】PwELP1在青杄花粉和种子萌发过程中可能发挥重要功能,并可参与青杄对非生物逆境胁迫的响应过程。