基于R2U-Net和空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别

针对前处理工序造成的羊肉智能精细分割目标肌肉区图像识别准确度低的问题,以羊后腿自动去骨分割工序为研究对象,提出一种基于R2U-Net和紧凑空洞卷积的羊后腿分割目标肌肉区识别方法。对传统的U-Net语义分割网络进行改进,以U-Net为骨架网络,采用残差循环卷积块替换原始U-Net的特征编码模块和解码模块中的卷积块以避免U-Net的梯度消失,在特征编码模块和特征解码模块之间增加一个紧凑的四分支空洞卷积模块对语义特征进行多尺度编码,实现缝匠肌图像分割模型的构建。一方面,针对缝匠肌这一核心目标肌肉区,采集羊后腿图像构建数据集训练与测试本文模型,以验证该方法的准确性与实时性;另一方面,通过旋量法标定夹爪坐标系、相机点云坐标系、机器人坐标系的齐次变换矩阵以计算分割路径,并采用主动柔顺的力/位混合控制方法操纵分割机器人进行目标切削运动,验证基于本文方法得到的目标图像开展目标肌肉分割的可行性。相关试验结果表明：当交并比为0.8588时,本文方法平均精确度为0.9820,优于R2U-Net的(0.8324,0.9775);单样本检测时间平均为82ms,说明本文方法可快速、准确分割出缝匠肌图像,满足机器人自主分割系统的实时性要求,优于U-Net、R2U-Net、AttU-Net算法。最后,在本文方法得到的缝匠肌图像基础上开展机器人实机分割试验,机器人对5条羊后腿的平均切削时间为7.9s,平均偏移距离为4.36mm,最大偏移距离不大于5.9mm,满足羊后腿去骨分割的精度要求。     

基于DGT技术的土壤铅生物有效性评价研究

采集我国15个省份的耕作土壤进行盆栽试验,通过外源添加不同浓度梯度的Pb并种植小白菜,比较梯度薄膜扩散技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT)与传统化学方法(土壤溶液法、EDTA法、HAc法、CaCl_2法和全量法)评价土壤中Pb生物有效性。简单回归分析表明,各评价方法测定的土壤Pb含量与小白菜Pb含量都呈显著相关关系,但DGT技术相关性(R~2=0.97)最高。通过逐步多元线性回归分析,融合土壤pH值、有机碳(OC)含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、粘粒含量等土壤基本理化性质,建立多元回归模型,结果表明:各传统评价方法融合了pH值、OC含量等土壤性质,R~2较对应的简单回归分析有所提高,都能用于评价土壤Pb的生物有效性,但通过DGT技术所构建的模型方程(R~2=0.97,p0.01)几乎不受土壤性质的影响,且较传统化学方法相关性更高,因此,DGT技术是一种可以用于评价土壤中Pb生物性的较优方法。     

大豆Pre-miRNAs作为内参基因在盐碱胁迫下的表达稳定性分析

【目的】对比大豆Pre-miRNAs候选内参基因和传统内参基因的表达稳定性,筛选出适合盐、碱胁迫条件下RT-qPCR分析的最稳定内参基因。【方法】选用了6个保守的Pre-miRNAs基因和4个常规的内参基因作为候选内参基因,通过RT-qPCR的方法,利用GeNorm和NormFinder软件,评价了10个候选内参基因在大豆盐、碱胁迫条件下的稳定性。【结果】大豆盐胁迫下,叶中表达最稳定的基因组合是Pre-miR166和Pre-miR172,表达最稳定的单一基因是FboX;根中表达最稳定的基因组合是Act11和EF1A,表达最稳定的单一基因是Act11。大豆碱胁迫下,叶中表达最稳定的基因组合是Pre-miR393和Pre-miR172,表达最稳定的单一基因是Pre-miR393;根中表达最稳定的基因组合是Act11和60S,表达最稳定的单一基因是Pre-miR172。【结论】大豆Pre-miRNAs可以与传统内参基因一样作为内参定量目的基因。     

关节镜技术下足球运动员半月板损伤的临床研究*

通过利用关节镜技术对26例足球运动员半月板的损伤临床研究显示,26例患者术前Lysholm评分60～74分,平均为67.23±7.24分;术后82～97 分,平均为89.18 ±7.76分。术后Lysholm 评分提高明显,有统计学意义。治愈后的半月板均无并发症、旧伤复发或再次进行手术的病例。所以,针对足球运动员膝关节运动特点,利用关节镜技术诊断其半月板损伤的部位并采用合理的手术方案能有效纠正半月板周围生物力学平衡,恢复膝关节稳定性,防止其进一步退变。     

新中国以来我国学校体育目标的衍变与存在问题

为了使我国学校体育目标与时代发展相适应、反映时代的要求、对学校体育课程与教学实践起到引领作用,采用文献资料、专家问卷调查以及思辨等方法,对新中国成立以来我国各个时期学校体育目标的发展过程进行研究,历史地、辩证地分析60年来我国学校体育目标的发展、衍变脉络;总结出不同时期我国学校体育目标的特点、对我国学校体育实践的影响;通过科学分析提出了我国学校体育目标存在的问题和思考。     

后生动物线粒体基因组基因次序重组规律分析

后生动物线粒体基因组由于其大小和基因数目的相对稳定,被认为是研究后生动物系统发育关系的一种理想模型。后生动物线粒体基因组大多有37个基因,包括22个tRNA编码基因和13个蛋白编码基因,它们的排列顺序也被认为是研究后生动物线粒体基因组很好的材料。通过对来自NCBI数据库的2 511种后生动物线粒体基因组提取的基因次序,包括对基因的倒置、共有基因簇、基因的缺失和重复、相邻位置的基因交换等重组形式的概述,综述了近年来对动物线粒体基因组基因次序重组的研究状况。     

Safety Assessment of Circular Arches Tunnel Evacuation on Surrounding Geotechnical Environment

Based on the stochastic medium theory, influence on the surrounding rock and soil by tunnel excavation was studied. formula for predicting movement and deformation of rock and soil mass caused by tunnelling were deduced. And especially for the tunnel with circular arch section, half analytic solution for this problem was put forward. Furthermore, a program was developed to compute the movement and deformation of the rock and soil mass resulted from excavation. The deformation failure criterion of stochastic medium for estimating the surroundings safety was provided and was applied in an engineering example, which proved that the results of the research were reasonable and significant for the tunnel safety construction.     

Performance and Microstructure of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials

Microstructure and macro performance of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials (ULIPCM) were investigated by Micro hardness, MIP and SEM EDXA. It was shown that the compressive strength of ULIPCM was more than 80 MPa, flexural strength was more than 11.0 MPa, and elastic modulus was in the range of 38.0 to 42.0 GPa at the age of 28 days; chloride diffusion coefficient was lower than 0.8×10－13m2·s－1, conductive charge for 6 hours was lower than 300 coulombs; sulfate attack resistance was good; shrinkage at the age of 28 days was lower than 400×10－6. Compared with ordinary concrete with which thickness of interfacial transition zone is 60 to 100 μm, the thickness of interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM was lower than 30 μm. Penetration paths of corrosive medium were effectively interrupted in ULIPCM. And pore structure parameters, such as porosity and the most probable pore radius of ULIPCM, were also obviously optimized in ULIPCM. Besides, few CH crystals were in the ULIPCM aggregate and the interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM. And the orientation of CH crystals was poor.     

A Hilbert fractal antenna and portable monitoring system for partial discharge detection in gas insulated substations

We design a third Hilbert fractal antenna for partial discharge (PD) monitoring in gas insulated substations (GIS) based on fractal principles, and analyze the Hilbert antenna impedance characteristics using an equivalent inductance method of parallel transmission lines. The PD experiment of metal protrusion defect is conducted employing fractal and microstrip antennae. The test results show that the characteristic of the Hilbert fractal antenna has good performance and can detect the PD signal for online monitoring in GIS. A portable online monitoring and locating system for GIS is established using the Hilbert fractal antenna and LabVIEW. The locating accuracy of the PD source in the laboratory meets the requirements of the PD site location.