羊泰勒虫病的流行、症状及防治措施

羊泰勒虫病主要是由羊泰勒属原虫引起的一种原虫病.患病羊主要表现为体温升高、精神不振、贫血、机体消瘦、淋巴结肿大等症状.该病传播速度快、死亡率高,可对养殖场造成巨大的经济损失,严重抑制我国养羊业的发展.该病主要发生于羔羊、老龄羊及体质较弱的羊.该病一年四季都可发生,患病羊表现为生长发育迟缓、生产性能下降.本文主要通过对该...     

Contrasting arthropod communities associated with dwarf mistletoes Arceuthobium globosum and A. vaginatum and their host Pinus hartwegii

Arthropod communities and epiphytic plants associated with tree canopies have been widely studied and have revealed a great diversity of organisms; however,the community hosted by parasitic plants,such as dwarf mistletoes,remains poorly known.In the coniferous forests of North America,dwarf mistletoe infection(Arceuthobium spp.) significantly damages the health of the forest,causing large financial losses for the forest industry,but it also positively affects diversity,especially of mammals and birds.This study examined the attributes of the arthropod communities associated with two species of dwarf mistletoe [Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. Wiens and A.vaginatum(Humb. Bonpl.ex Willd.) J.Presl] and their host Pinus hartwegii Lindl.In 2010,in five sites located in Zoquiapan(Central Mexico),we collected plant tissue from the three species bimonthly.Arthropods were separated from the plant tissue and identified to the finest level possible.We collected 32,059 individuals,for which51 morphospecies were identified,belonging to 15 taxonomic orders; the most abundant orders for the three plants were Prostigmata,Thysanoptera and Homoptera.The community associated with P.hartwegii had the highest value of diversity(H'= 1.47; A.globosum,H'= 0.64; A.vaginatum,H'= 0.68) and species richness(S = 40; A.globosum,S = 30; A.vaginatum,S = 35); while abundance was significantly higher for the mistletoes(A.globosum,n = 407 individuals/sample; A.vaginatum,n = 536 individuals/sample; P.hartwegii,n = 134 individuals/sample).Species richness,abundance and diversity were significantly different for the three studied plants,as well for sampling month and the interaction of these two factors(except for diversity).The results suggest that the canopy of P.hartwegii is an important element in the ecosystem,providing a mosaic of resources and conditions to the associated fauna.We also propose that mistletoes are key species within the forest canopy,as they greatly influence the establishment of diverse organisms,particularly arthropods.     

2种吡啶类除草剂对天山假狼毒群落影响和禾本科牧草产草量及安全性评价

2013—2014年在新疆昭苏县乌鲁空盖草原选用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度对草原毒草——天山假狼毒进行群落影响试验。研究结果表明,270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂和21%氯氨吡啶酸水剂不同浓度均对天山假狼毒群落生长产生影响,与使用浓度呈正相关;其中使用270 g/L三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯·氯氨吡啶酸钾盐水乳剂6 000 m L/hm2明显抑制天山假狼毒群落正常生长,并且对禾本科牧草安全性较高,同时禾本科牧草数量和产草量明显增加,可作为防除天山假狼毒群落生长的化学药剂。     

不同施氮水平对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律的影响

[目的]研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律.[方法]在大田栽培条件下,以T-04为研究材料,采用logistic方程回归分析的方法,研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质及养分积累规律.[结果]膜下滴灌水稻干物质及氮、磷、钾的快速积累时间分别在出苗后66.7 ～99.5、56.0 ～88.1、68.9～105.2和61.6 ～95.6 d,且随施氮量的增加,干物质和氮磷钾的最大积累潜力及最大积累速率逐渐增加,快速积累时间逐渐减少.在干物质积累和养分吸收快速积累规律上表现出,快速积累开始时间依次为氮、钾、干物质,磷最晚,快速积累结束时间呈同样规律.施氮量390 kg/hm2具有最大干物质和氮磷钾积累潜力,过量施氮无助于膜下滴灌水稻的生长和养分吸收.[结论]与淹灌相比,水稻膜下滴灌栽培模式干物质及氮、磷、钾的最大积累速率显著高于淹灌处理,且干物质及氮素快速积累持续时间小于常规淹灌处理,而磷、钾无显著差异.     

日本冲绳本岛临海民居风景防护林的构建及对中国新民居建设的启示

为加快推进中国农村新民居建设,完善相关配套建设措施,笔者借鉴日本在防灾减灾理论和方法方面处于世界前列,以法律的形式保证规划先行的经验,通过对冲绳本岛相关历史资料分析、民意调查和实地调查,以及福木起源的追溯,福木数量和防护林密度的测算等,论证了福木风景防护林映衬红瓦木造建筑为冲绳典型集落（即村庄、村落）特征。风景防护林的构建源自于村民抵御自然灾害的本能和政府保一方平安的责任意识,最后发展为保护村民生活环境、保障社会安定的基础。同时防护林使冲绳自然环境更显生态美观,促进了旅游业的兴旺,旅游已成为冲绳的支柱产业。