我国农用植保无人机的应用现状及展望

随着我国农业的发展,机械化、自动化是未来发展的趋势,尤其是在平原地区更应该得到大范围的推广和应用。在美国、德国等农业体系发达的国家都已经采用了机械自动化的农业发展,以高科技器械代替人工种植、喷洒农药、收割作物等行为,不仅取得了较高的农业生产效率和产量外,也将人们的劳动力得到进一步的发展。在我国当前的农业发展过程中,农用植保无人机正处于推广应用的阶段,其使用的价值和机械收割机、插秧机同样重要,帮助农民减轻工作量,大大提高我国农业的发展,并与国际接轨。本文通过对于我国农用植保无人机的使用情况进行分析,根据当前我国的农业发展展望未来的农用植保无人机发展,充分得出农用植保无人机对于我国农业进步具有重要意义,不仅能够重新构架我国农业体系的形成,而且对于农业机械化产生助力作用,提高我国农业在世界的地位,创造更多的经济价值。     

Assessing the vulnerability of a forest ecosystem to climate change and variability in the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey: future evaluation

This study evaluates the multifactorial spatial modelling used to assess vulnerability of the Du¨ zlerc?am?(Antalya) forest ecosystem to climate change.This was done to produce data,to develop tools to support decisionmaking and the management of vulnerable Mediterranean forest ecosystems affected by climate change,and to increase the ability of these forest ecosystems to adapt to global change.Based on regionally averaged future climate assessments and projected climate indicators,both the study site and the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey will probably become associated with a drier,hotter,more continental and more water-deficient climate.This analysis holds true for all future scenarios,with the exception of RCP4.5 for the period from 2015 to 2030.However,the present dry-sub humid climate dominating this sub-region and the study area shows a potential for change towards more dry climatology and for it to become semiarid between 2031 and 2050 according to the RCP8.5 high emission scenario.All the observed and estimated results and assessments summarized in this study show clearly that the densest forest ecosystem in the southern part of the study site,characterized by mainly Mediterranean coniferous and some mixed forest and maquis vegetation,will very likely be influenced by medium and high degrees of vulnerability to future environmental degradation,climate change and variability.     

不同株距对温室冬春茬番茄生长和产量的影响

为了研究温室冬春茬番茄合理的田间群体结构,以及株距对群体配置的影响,试验在相同的垄沟配置下通过改变株距,对番茄的植株生长、果实性状和产量表现进行研究。结果表明,株高、茎粗、幅宽、单株果数和单果重均表现为,随着株距的增大而增加的趋势,对果穗数和果型没有影响,畸形果率随着株距的减小而明显增加,单产处理间没有较大差异,均在115500 kg/hm2左右;说明在相同的70+50垄行配置下,株距在25~40 cm之间部分性状虽表现出一定的趋势性变化,但均为比较合理的田间群体配置。     

白斑狗鱼冬季生长性能评价及选育系现实遗传力的初步估计

利用2012年培育的白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius)鱼种当年10月15日至翌年4月20日间体重的测定数据,对白斑狗鱼冬季生长速度进行了分析。结果显示,试验期间白斑狗鱼平均增重(235.20±97.52)g,绝对增重率为1.26 g/d,瞬时增重率0.22%/d,证明白斑狗鱼鱼种与主要养殖鱼类鱼种相比具有明显的冬季生长优势。利用新疆水产科学研究所濒危水生野生动物救护中心对2012年繁育的白斑狗鱼快速生长系F1代4个性状(体重、体长、体高及体厚)的测定数据,对生长性能进行了评价,并初步估算了现实遗传力。结果显示:经130 d的养殖,选育系的绝对增重率和瞬时增重率均高于对照系,选育系生长速度比对照系提高了10.54%,且选育系还有很大的遗传改良潜力;体重、体长、体高及体厚4个性状早期的现实遗传力在0.16~0.18间,显示遗传力较低,因此利用家系选育对白斑狗鱼进行遗传改良可能取得良好效果。     

Impact of water scarcity on spruce and beech forests

One of the greatest threats posed by ongoing climate change may be regarded the drought caused by changes in precipitation distribution. The aim of presented study was to characterize reactions to dry conditions and conditions without drought stress on gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of spruce and beech forests, as these two species dominate within the European continent. Daily courses of GPP and NEP of these two species were evaluated in relation to an expected decrease in CO2 uptake during dry days. The occurrence of CO2 uptake hysteresis in daily production was also investigated. Our study was performed at Bily Kriz(spruce) and Stitna(beech) mountain forest sites during 2010–2012 period. We applied eddy covariance technique for the estimation of carbon fluxes, vapor pressure deficit and precipitation characteristics together with the SoilClim model for the determination of drought conditions, and the inverse of the Penman–Monteith equation to compute canopy conductance. Significant differences were found in response to reduced water supply for both species. Spruce reacts by closing its stomata before noon and maintaining a reduced photosynthetic activity for the rest of the day, while beech keeps its stomata open as long as possible and slightly reduces photosynthetic activity evenly throughout the entire day. In the spruce forest, we found substantial hysteresis in the light response curve of GPP. In the beech forest, the shape of this curve was different: evening values exceeded morning values.     

Determining the edge effect of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in its horizontal distribution in the stand

Pine processionary moth is one of the most important forest pests in the Mediterranean Basin. There is need to explore its distribution behaviour to undertake effective control and determine the edge effect of its horizontal distribution in the stand. Five trial sites damaged by the insect were selected and traps installed in all trees in the sites. The number of nests and larvae was counted and diameter increment cores were taken. The distance to the edge of the stand revealed that there was no statistical difference in the number of nests and larvae up to 25 m while there was a statistically significant difference(0.5%)at [25 m. There was a 2-fold difference in the density of nests between 0 and 25 m and [25 meters, and a 3.8-fold difference in the number of larvae. The effect of pine processionary moth on tree diameter was not significant between trees at the edge of the stand and those in the stand.     

周丛生物对罗丹明B的吸附降解特性

探讨在添加或不添加NaN_3条件下,不同周丛生物投放量(干质量0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/L),温度(10、15、20、25、30、35℃),pH(4、6、8、10)和起始罗丹明B质量浓度(1、5、10、20、40、80、160 mg/L)对周丛生物对罗丹明B的吸附和降解特性的影响,并通过HPLC–MS分析周丛生物对罗丹明B的降解机理。结果表明:周丛生物对罗丹明B具有一定的吸附和降解能力,在本试验周丛生物的用量范围内,随着用量的增加,周丛生物对罗丹明B的去除率逐渐增加;其过程主要是2阶段的协同过程,涉及生物吸附和生物降解,以吸附为主;不添加NaN_3的周丛生物去除罗丹明B的最佳pH为6,温度为30℃;添加NaN_3的周丛生物对罗丹明B的最佳吸附pH为6,温度为20～30℃;等温线以Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型拟合,周丛生物+NaN_3组更符合Langmuir模型;HPLC–MS检测结果表明,周丛生物降解罗丹明B产生1个相对分子质量约为391的中间产物,其降解过程可能是一个逐步脱乙基的过程。     

16种地被植物的光响应特性及园林应用

选取深圳市仙湖植物园内人工植物群落中16种常见地被植物,观测其光合–光响应曲线及光合作用特征参数,运用直角双曲线修正模型拟合并分析其耐荫能力。结果表明:光叶子花、狗牙花、长春花、大花软枝黄蝉、黄金榕、龙船花等6种植物具有较高的光补偿点(20～50mmol/(m2×s))和较高的光饱和点(900～1 600mmol/(m2×s)),表现典型阳生植物特征,在园林绿化中可配置在阳光充足的坡地、林边路缘和道路绿化隔离带等处;洒金桃叶珊瑚、合果芋、红背桂、叉花草、可爱花、朱蕉和蜘蛛兰等7种植物具有偏低的光补偿点(7～15mmol/(m2×s))和偏低的光饱和点(400～1000mmol/(m2×s)),其耐荫能力远高于其他供试地被植物,适于弱光环境中生长,在园林绿化中可配置在阳光较弱的乔木林下、庭院和高架桥下;春羽、金脉爵床、扶桑则具有较低的光补偿点(7～15mmol/(m2×s))和较高的光饱和点(1000～1300mmol/(m2×s)),对光照环境的适应性较强,不仅能充分利用弱光,而且对强光的耐受能力也相对较强,在园林绿化配置时可根据景观效果加以灵活应用。地被植物的表观量子产额和水分利用率在不同的光合有效辐射下的变化趋势能反映出阴生植物和阳生植物的差异。     

基于C#和SQL Server的肉牛养殖数据平台研发

为精确统计区域内肉牛养殖情况,本团队设计并实现基于C#语言和SQL Server的肉牛养殖数据平台,包括计算机端平台本身和手机终端用户（养殖户）的肉牛生产管理系统（数据采集系统）。用户通过手机终端录入场内牛只入栏、死淘、出栏、配种、检疫等生产数据。管理员可通过计算机端对多个手机终端的数据进行管理和分析,包括牛只信息、错误数据删除和生产数据的统计分析等。     

Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a reviewOA

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML; Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximi...