Energy Consumption Features for Large scale Public Office Buildings in Greater Guangzhou, P. R. China

The annual energy consumption of representative office buildings in Guangzhou, P. R. China, was surveyed over a three year period. Among the modern office buildings surveyed, two large scale office buildings were chosen to analyze the energy consumption features and monthly energy consumption trends. Based on the actual occupied area calculation, the total annual energy consumption of the two office buildings was 149.3 kWh/m2 and 115 kWh/m2, respectively. The air conditioning energy consumption in two office buildings accounted for 49.2% and 38.5% of the total energy consumption. The research results could be used as energy consumption sub databases or references for large scale public buildings in Guangzhou due to the accurate survey technique and representativeness of the survey objects. In addition, energy consumption in these office buildings was compared with levels described in other studies. Energy saving methods are proposed for buildings located in hot summer/warm winter climate zones.     

3D FEM Analysis of Subgrade Soil Movement and Deformation Caused by Extra Shallow Underground Pipe Jacking

Pavement structures will be damaged by subgrade soil movement around the pipes introduced by extra shallow underground pipe jacking. Soil layer deformation with shallow deposits on pipes during extra shallow underground pipe jacking is analyzed using 3D FEM. The effects on pavement deformation created by the friction between shield and soil, injection slurry, jacking forces and the vehicle loads are studied with a practical project. The analytical results show that the ground surface deformation is an uplift first followed by settling with the lower part of the cover moving faster than the upper layers. It is demonstrated by comparing computational results of FEM simulation and the observed data from the in situ test that these FEM models can be applied to real world engineering. Subgrade soil settling on extra shallow underground pipe jacking in a cross section will be stable when the shield has passed through a section with a length twice the diameter of the pipe. Horizontal surface subsidence along the lateral distribution is similar to a normal distribution curve, with the primary affected areas on both sides of the axis approximately 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe.     

City Residence in the View of Regional Culture: Protection and Renovationof Humanism in Luoyang Cross Street

Problems of cultural environmental protection are acute during the reconstruction of some historic cultural cities. In order to understand the regional cultural features of the old cross street of Luoyang in P. R. China, we analyze the principle of humanistic protection of the street. Based on this understanding, we put forward principles and methods for protection and renovation. We also studied creative ways to protect the historical culture block at present and in the future.     

Energy transmission process of combustion flame radiation in the tuyeres and raceways of blast furnaces

We developed a process model of flame beam transmission using pulverized coal powder and coke combustion in a raceway. We employed a Monte Carlo computation method equation based on charge couple devrce(CCD) target heat flow distribution for radiation heat transfer. We explored the factors impacting radiation transmission. Based on these, a three dimensional reconstruction was analyzed at varying coke particle concentrations. This model provided an effective method to produce on line monitoring of raceway working states.     

A new method for calculating the vacancy formation energy of typical structure metals

Based on the model proposed by Tiwari and Patil, we improved the calculation method for surface energy, and calculated the vacancy formation energy for typical metals such as fcc, bcc and hcp metals. The calculated results and experimental values agree with each other when an energy modification coefficient is introduced. The energy modification coefficients of fcc, bcc and hcp metals are 1.292, 1.265 and 1.357, respectively. The proposed method can calculate and predict the vacancy formation energy of metals efficiently.     

optimizing the CO2 supercritical fluid extraction process of isoflavone from Soybean by uniform design

A supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed to extract isoflavone. A uniform design was used to investigate the effect of the extraction pressure, extraction time, extraction temperature, and medicinal materials granularity on isoflavone extraction efficiency. The optimum conditions of extraction were as follows: 45 MPa extraction pressure, 50 ℃ extraction temperature, 4 h extraction time, 40 eyes medicinal materials granularity, and the extraction efficiency was (0.361±0.012)%.     

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策分析

城乡建设用地增减挂钩,是我国特殊土地国情下破解发展保障和耕地保护问题的重要途径。介绍了城乡建设用地增减挂钩的涵义,分析了其意义,并从耕地总量动态平衡的角度提出城乡建设用地增减挂钩应满足的条件,同时,对增减挂钩的方式及存在的阻力进行了探讨。     

微生态制剂在鸵鸟育雏中的应用

为了减少雏鸵鸟的发病率、提高成活率和饲草利用率,在2004-2006年不同季节以3批分别70、140和70只商品雏鸵鸟为试验动物,研究在饲料中添加EM液(试验Ⅰ)和益生素(试验Ⅱ)对其生产性能的影响。结果表明,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ发病率比对照组低24.07±10.70和15±7.23(P0.01);死亡率比对照组分别低3.81±0.67和2.62±0.55(P0.05),草料消耗分别比对照组低(8.35±0.86)kg/d和(1.11±0.12)kg/d(P0.05);日增体质量分别比对照组提高(26.04±5.70)g和(23.16±4.58)g(P0.01),制剂和药费上每只鸵鸟分别比对照组节约93和76元。使用添加EM制剂的饲料饲喂雏鸵鸟效果非常明显,是目前养殖业上比较好的微生态制剂。     

半挂汽车列车鞍座参数匹配及行驶特性分析

为分析具有侧向自由度的半挂汽车列车行驶特性,建立了包含车身侧倾和转向系刚度的车辆模型,对车辆在典型工况下的运行状态进行仿真分析;并对模型中的牵引鞍座参数进行调试和匹配,分析这些参数变化对系统稳定性的影响,以期为车辆系统设计提供参考依据.研究结果表明,行驶状况和牵引鞍座参数的变化,可能造成车身侧倾、两车存在夹角等,应通过参数灵敏度进行分析判断;仿真结果说明所建模型适用于分析车辆行驶特性.     

Operational Bridge Responses due to Road Surface Profile Spectral Excitations

Random spectrum excitation samples of a road surface profile are investigated. The displacements, velocities, accelerations of a vehicle and a bridge structure are discussed using certain samples. The road excitations are numerically simulated by the random phase cosine method of the power spectral density. The vehicle bridge system responses are obtained using the vehicle bridge differential equations for different road surface profiles. It is concluded that the random phase has critical effects on the road surface profile curve shape, and the power spectral density on the curve value. The random samples possesses the same statistical characteristics. The system response values are affected more by the road surface profiles, and the response shapes are affected more as the vehicle velocity varies. Some engineering advice is proposed based on the numerical calculation with the different random excitation inputs for their significant differential responses.