6个鲜食葡萄品种不同部位生物活性物质含量及抗氧化活性比较

【目的】 对不同色系鲜食葡萄品种各器官生物活性物质含量和各器官提取物总活性进行比较研究,为鲜食葡萄育种和生物活性物质利用提供有效依据。【方法】 以三种色系鲜食葡萄(各含一个有籽和无籽鲜食葡萄品种)为材料,分别测定果梗、果皮、果肉、葡萄籽中多酚、黄酮、原花青素含量,用自由基清除法评价各器官提取物的总活性,并使用相关系数法分析3种生物活性物质含量和总活性的相关性。【结果】 结果表明,不同色系葡萄品种中,黄绿色系与红色系果梗多酚含量高于紫黑色系品种,无籽品种含量高于有籽品种;黄酮含量以红色系品种含量最高,且无籽高于有籽品种。果皮中多酚、黄酮及原花青素含量与果皮颜色深浅有关,颜色越深含量越高;原花青素含量在黄绿色系与红色系葡萄品种中无籽显著高于有籽葡萄。果肉多酚含量紫黑色系有籽葡萄显著低于其它品种;原花青素含量紫黑色系显著高于红色系品种,黄绿色系及红色系品种有籽显著高于无籽品种。葡萄籽中多酚及原花青素含量变化具有随着果皮颜色加深而显著增加的变化趋势。生物活性物质抗氧化活性在果梗中黄绿色系与红色系品种显著高于紫黑色系品种,无籽品种高于有籽品种;在果皮中紫黑色系品种显著高于黄绿色系与红色系品种;在果肉中黄绿色系有籽品种显著高于无籽品种;多酚、黄酮含量与提取物总的抗氧化活性呈极显著正相关关系(P <0.01)。综上可知,鲜食葡萄果梗中含有丰富的多酚和黄酮物质,且红色系无籽品种显著最高,可将葡萄采果后果梗作为多酚和黄酮物质提取的原材料;鲜食葡萄多酚、黄酮、原花青素等生物活性物质随着果皮颜色加深而加深,可选育果皮颜色深且品质好的品种做鲜食葡萄;葡萄籽中含有丰富的多酚、黄酮、原花青素,可作为生物活性物质提取的原材料;鲜食葡萄提取物总抗氧化活性主要由多酚、黄酮决定。     

甘薯长足象的识别与防治

甘薯长足象,又称甘薯大象甲,属鞘翅目象虫科.它有许多俗名,成虫在浙江称猢狲蜩、硬壳蜩、摘头蜩,在福建称薯猴、铁马、藤龟等;幼虫在浙江称空心虫、空藤虫;在福建称蛀节虫、食节虫、大肚虫等[1].从众多的俗名看出,甘薯长足象是一种常见的昆虫,不同地区的种植者,依据其不同的特点或习性,给予了不同的名称.过去国内用的学名多是Al...     

荔枝果皮的褐变

荔枝果皮的褐变一直是商业上的一个主要采后问题。大多数人认为褐变是由于果实失水后多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性增加引起的,它导致了花青苷的迅速降解,使果变褐。然而,支持此理论的实验证据很少。最近,澳大利亚和以色列着重研究果皮液泡的PH值对花青苷颜色和稳定性的影响。本文综述了研究荔枝果皮褐变的方法,并针对目前流行的PPO引起花青苷降解的理论提出一些疑问。     

The action of phosphine against the eggs of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rhyzopertha dominica F

The effect of phosphine at exposure periods of 24, 48 and 120 h on hatching and mortality of 0- to 1-day-old eggs of susceptible (TN6) and resistant (FC10) strains of Rhyzopertha dominica of field origin was investigated. The fumigant affected hatching in both the strains. In a 48-h exposure at 27 (+/- 2) degrees C, the LD99 doses for the eggs of TN6 and FC10 were 0.56 and 3.25 mg litre-1, respectively. Significant reduction in hatching was observed in treated batches with progressive increase of phosphine dose in the first 2-3 days. On subsequent days the numbers hatching were often similar to those in controls, and sometimes exceeded control hatch, especially following a 5-day exposure. A critical change in the order of susceptibility of egg and adult stages of the two strains was noticed. In 48-h exposures, eggs of the susceptible strain were more tolerant than their adults, whilst the reverse was true in the resistant strain.     

五日龄窝活仔数对窝断奶仔猪数及仔猪成活率的影响

1992年以来,通过对丹麦长白猪及约克夏猪的总产仔数进行选育,使这一性状得到了显著的增长,但同时仔猪死亡率也大大增加。本研究的目标是估算出窝产仔数及成活率遗传和表型参数来寻找一种新的选育标准以改善窝断奶仔猪数。研究共收集了9300窝长白猪及6861窝约克夏猪的数据并利用了基于线性模型的REML进行分析,包括了母猪和与配公猪的遗传效应。结果表明,5日龄窝活仔数（N5D）的选育可以作为改善丹麦长白猪和丹麦约克夏猪的窝断奶仔猪数及仔猪成活率替代选育标准。     

不同蛋能比对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、饲料转化、血清指标和体组成的影响

导读：虾料配制时首先考虑的因子。 前言 凡纳滨对虾原产于美洲中南部的太平洋沿岸,我国于1988年引进,由于该虾生长快、适应性强、食性广、价格高、抗病力强等优点,迅速成为主要养殖品种。当前,饲料成本占总养殖成本的50～60％,而蛋白水平又是影响生长性能和饲料成本的主要因素。那么怎样才能降低饲料成本呢？通过优化蛋白能量和非蛋白能量在饲料中的比例,可以达到这一目的。如果蛋白相对于能量过量,那么,     

Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection in Pigs

It is difficult to control the spread of porcine haemophilus pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae because there is no sensitive and specific way to accurately determine whether or not a pig herd is infected. This paper reports bacteriological and serological techniques used to detect A. pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs from a herd with endemic disease.

The bacteria were isolated from the anterior nasal mucosa of grower pigs, but not from younger or older pigs. Bacteriological culture of several tissues from the respiratory tract showed that nine of ten young finishing pigs were infected, but culture of lung tissue from slaughtered hogs detected infection in only 39 of 288 (13.5%). Both cooler storage temperature and use of selective medium prolonged the time that lung tissue could be stored and the organism still recovered. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected serotype-specific antibodies in serum of infected pigs.

     

Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy)

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.     

鸡白痢检疫应注意的几个问题

鸡白痢检疫应注意的几个问题崔统一（济南市畜禽良种繁育中心２５０１００）当前，种鸡场鸡白痢的净化工作，主要是采用鸡白痢染色平板凝集抗原对鸡群逐只进行全血平板检疫，淘汰阳性反应鸡的方法。通过这种方法逐步消除鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染鸡，最终达到净化之目的。作者根...     

雏鸡暴发新城疫诊断报告

雏鸡暴发新城疫诊断报告崔统一张玉利（山东省济南市畜禽良种繁育中心２５０１００）１９９６年８月１９日，济南某养鸡场引进罗曼褐鸡苗４７８０只，与本场同日孵出的４２００只海赛克斯母雏放在同一鸡舍内混养。结果，饲养到中雏期暴发了鸡新城疫，造成较大的经济损失。...