香稻不育系新香A的选育及其香型应用研究概述杂交稻的应用研究概述

湖南杂交水稻研究中心于1984的开始从事优质高产杂交稻选育研究，利用国外优质香稻资源MR365，经过近lOa的努力，率先育成我国第1个不育性稳定、可恢复性好、配合力强、异交结实率较高且米质优良的香稻不育系新香A，首次采用香稻不育系与非香的恢复系配组的方式育成香型杂交稻，香型杂交稻具有不同于普通常规香稻品种或杂交香稻（香稻不育系／香稻恢复系)的特性，普通香稻或杂交香稻的植株及其上所结籽均表现出香味，而香型杂交稻的植株是非香的，且其植株上所结籽粒仅有一小部分具有香味，这种类型的香稻恰好符合人们的饮食习惯，迄今为止，以新香A为母本已配制出一大批香型杂交稻组合，其中7个组合已先后通过湖南、湖北、江西、福建、广西和贵州等省的省级品种审定或国家品种审定，这些组合不仅表现出高产（在各省区试和全国区试中比对照增产l.06％～11.2％)，而且米质较优，食味好，且部分籽粒具有香味，目前已开始在全国范围内推广应用，深受广大农民喜爱，综述了香味供体亲本MR365及其衍生品种（系）的香味遗传、新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的生产应用概况。     

优质食用稻高产综合配套技术研究与示范

经过１９９６～１９９８ 年的攻关研究与开发示范,在优质食用稻新品种（组合）筛选,调优、保优高产栽培技术及优质食用稻米综合加工技术等方面取得了阶段性成果。筛选出了中鉴１００、新香优４６３、香两优６８、丰优早１１ 号、浙９５２１、湘晚籼１０ 号、新香优６３、新香优２７７ 等１８ 个达到或接近目标性状的新品种、系（组合）;探明了 Ｎ, Ｐ, Ｋ 等大量元素和 Ｍｇ, Ｍｏ, Ｓ, Ｓｅ, Ｚｎ, Ｃｕ 等中微量元素对优质食用稻产量与米质的影响;找出了适合种植优质食用稻的土壤类型;提出了改善优质食用稻卫生品质的病虫害防治措施;建立了优质食用稻“三高一少”栽培技术体系;对优质食用稻米的加工工艺进行研究并研制出了银针米系列、香丝苗系列和珍珍米系列优质营养配方米品种。对今后的研究方向提出了设想。     

三系杂交水稻恢复系选育的实践与体会

回顾了三系杂交稻恢复系选育10余a来的实践,总结了选育恢复系的经验与体会.在采用杂交选育恢复系时应注意以下几方面:(1)在进行恢复系的某些性状改造时,应注意双亲其它重要性状的互补,避免双亲具有共同的缺陷;(2)一般选择恢复力强、配合力好的强恢复系作为亲本之一,在选育抗性恢复系时,则双亲中至少应有一个是抗性强的亲本;(3)注意引入粳稻亲缘或远缘基因,以丰富遗传基础;(4)在采用恢×保或保×恢选育恢复系时,宜在低世代进行测恢;(5)在杂交后代中选择单株时应注意植株的综合性状,如株型、植株抗倒性、籽粒饱满度、灌浆速度和后期落色等.     

香稻不育系新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的应用研究概述

湖南杂交水稻研究中心于1984年开始从事优质高产杂交稻选育研究,利用国外优质香稻资源MR365,经过近10 a的努力,率先育成我国第1个不育性稳定、可恢复性好、配合力强、异交结实率较高且米质优良的香稻不育系新香A.首次采用香稻不育系与非香的恢复系配组的方式育成香型杂交稻.香型杂交稻具有不同于普通常规香稻品种或杂交香稻(香稻不育系/香稻恢复系)的特性,普通香稻或杂交香稻的植株及其上所结籽粒均表现出香味,而香型杂交稻的植株是非香的,且其植株上所结籽粒仅有一小部分具有香味.这种类型的香稻恰好符合人们的饮食习惯.迄今为止,以新香A为母本已配制出一大批香型杂交稻组合,其中7个组合已先后通过湖南、湖北、江西、福建、广西和贵州等省的省级品种审定或国家品种审定.这些组合不仅表现出高产(在各省区试和全国区试中比对照增产1.06～11.2%),而且米质较优,食味好,且部分籽粒具有香味,目前已开始在全国范围内推广应用,深受广大农民喜爱.综述了香味供体亲本MR365及其衍生品种(系)的香味遗传、新香A的选育及其香型杂交稻的生产应用概况.     

优质高产香型杂交稻新组合香优63

Xiangyou 63 was developed at HHRRC using aromatic cytoplasmic male sterile line Xiangxiang 2A and non-aromatic restorer line Minghui 63. It was released to farmers in Jan 1995. Xiangyou 63 is the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice in China, and Xiangxiang 2A, developed from the cross V20A∥V20B/MR365 by HHRRC, is the first aromatic CMS line in China. The hybrid has so far been planted on more than 20 000 hm2 and seems popular with farmers and consumers. In addition to being aromatic, the hybrid has good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good disease resistance, and wide adaptability.     

籼型三系杂交水稻米质现状研究

以具广泛代表性的６ 个不育系和９ 个恢复系及其配制的５４ 个组合为材料研究了现有籼型三系杂交水稻米质状况。结果表明,参试组合的大多数米质性状均表现良好：在分析的１１ 个性状中有５ 个（糙米率、精米率、精米长、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量）全部达到部颁二级优质米标准,２ 个性状（精米长宽比和蛋白质含量）二级达标率在７７．８％ 以上。但在垩白粒率、垩白大小、整精米率、胶稠度等４ 个性状上达标率低,存在明显的不足。提出了在杂交稻优质育种中不育系应注重降低垩白、提高胶稠度,恢复系应把降低垩白粒率、提高整精米率作为主攻目标,兼顾蛋白质含量的改善。     

湖南省三系法杂交水稻育种“八五”回顾及其“九五”期望

回顾了湖南省“八五”期间三系法杂交水稻衣种所取得的及存在的问题，就三第法 水稻育民面临的困境作了技术分析，并展望了“九五”以及提出了“九五”攻关的重点与相庆的对策。     

利用香稻改良杂交水稻稻米品质

To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years.     

优质,高产,抗病的香型杂交稻组合香优63

优质、高产、抗病的香型杂交稻组合香优６３ｘｉａｎｇｙｏｕ６３，ａｑｕａｓｉ—ａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅｗｉｔｈｇｏｏｄｑｕａｌｉｔｙ，ｈｉｇｈｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄｇｏｏｄｄｉｓｅａｓｅｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ周坤炉（湖南杂交水稻研究中心４１０１２５...     

杂交晚籼新组合威优644

杂交晚籼新组合威优６４４Ｗｅｉｙｏｕ６４４，ａｎｅｗｉｎｄｉｃａｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅｆｏｒｌａｔｅｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｓｅａｓｏｎ周坤炉阳和华徐秋生（湖南杂交水稻研究中心４１０１２５）威优６４４是湖南杂交水稻研究中心用Ｖ２０Ａ与恢复系６４４配组而成的迟熟...