农村公共产品供给与减轻农民负担

农民负担实际上是与农民有关的公共产品成本的分摊，而这种分摊存在着体制缺陷，这种缺陷导致了农民的生产效益低下，农民负担逐步加重。要改变这种现状就必须对农村公共产品供给体制进行改革和完善，以期从根本上减轻农民负担。     

Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitineOA

Background: Carnitine facilitates the flux of long-chain fatty acids for hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation, which acts to ameliorate the negative energy balance commonly affecting high-yielding dairy cows. Inflammation triggered by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) load can however pose a challenge to the metabolic integrity via the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to immune system activation and respective metabolic alterations. The effect of enhanced carnitine availability on hepatic...     

Supplementing the early diet of broilers with soy protein concentrate can improve intestinal development and enhance short-chain fatty acid-producing microbes and short-chain fatty acids,especially butyric acidOA

Background: Research on nutrition in early-life commonly focuses on the maturation of the intestine because the intestinal system is crucial for ensuring continued growth. To explore the importance of early nutrition regulation in animals, soy protein concentrate(SPC) was added to the early diet of broilers to investigate its effects on amino acid digestibility, intestinal development, especially intestinal microorganisms, and broiler metabolites. A total of 192 oneday-old Arbor Acres(AA) male b...     

The effect of ensiled paulownia leaves in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation,methane production,fatty acid composition,and milk production performance of dairy cowsOA

Background: The use of industrial by-products rich in bioactive compounds as animal feeds can reduce greenhouse gas production. Paulownia leaves silage(PLS) was supplemented to dairy cows’ diet and evaluated in vitro(Exp. 1; Rusitec) and in vivo(Exp. 2, cannulated lactating dairy cows and Exp. 3, non-cannulated lactating dairy cows). The study investigated the PLS effect on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, methane production and concentration, dry matter intake(DMI), and fatty acid(F...     

皇帝蕉组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

本研究以皇帝蕉地下球茎为材料,利用75%酒精30 s + 0.1%升汞10 min消毒,经初代培养后,转接在MS + BA2.5 mg/L + IAA0.1 mg/L增殖效果最佳;组培苗的生根实验发现1/2MS + IAA0.4 mg/L较好,生根率为94%。皇帝蕉幼苗在三种土壤基制均能生长,且成活率在97%以上。这为健康无病毒的皇帝蕉种苗的生产和基因工程育种奠定了基础。     

Introgression of sharp eyespot resistance from Dasypyrum villosum chromosome 2VL into bread wheat

Wheat sharp eyespot, a stem disease caused by the soilborne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis van der Hoeven,has become a threat to wheat production worldwide. Exploiting resistance resources from wild relatives of wheat is a promising strategy for controlling this disease. In this study, a new wheat–Dasypyrum villosum T2DS·2V#4L translocation line in the background of Chinese Spring(CS) showed stable resistance to R. cerealis. Introgression of the T2DS·2V#4L chromosome into wheat cultivar Aikang 58 b...     

新疆棉铃虫种群对三种化学药剂的抗性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是经济作物和粮食作物主要害虫之一。为有效防治棉铃虫,新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)大面积种植Bt棉,同时采用化学药剂进行防治,但是化学药剂的大量长期使用势必使棉铃虫产生抗性。武万峰等(2010)研究结果显示新疆棉铃虫种群已对三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐表现低水平抗性。为全面掌握新疆棉铃虫种群对这2种药剂及对氯虫苯甲酰胺新型化学药剂的抗性水平,本研究于2015-2018年自新疆阿克苏、博乐和哈密市等5个市采集棉铃虫,监测该害虫对这3种化学药剂的抗性,以期为Bt棉有效利用和化学药剂的合理施用提供理论基础。     

大豆抗菌核病的全基因组关联研究

找到大豆与抗菌核病强关联的候选位点或候选基因,为抗病基因克隆和抗病分子标记开发提供借鉴,服务大豆抗菌核病育种。对126个加拿大大豆品种的基因组DNA用ApekⅠ酶消化后Illumina Hiseq2000平台测序进行基因分型,供试的126个材料用棉垫接种核盘菌菌丝体进行表型鉴定。采用Structure 2.3.4、SPSS 20.0、TASSEL 5.0和PLINKv 1.07软件分别模拟群体遗传结构、二元主成分分析、邻接法聚类,进行SNP-phenotype和Haplotype-phenotype的关联分析(只考虑加性效应)。最小等位基因频率0.01过滤,得到30 125个SNPs。主成分及群体结构聚类结果中度一致,将126个供试材料划分为2个组群,Kappa聚类一致度检验K=0.44。邻接法(The neighbor-joining algorithm,NJ)聚为3个组群。α≤0.05时,在单个SNP-phenotype的关联研究中,最强关联在3号染色体物理位置34387780、34387823和34387841处(P值都为8.669E-7),可分别解释表型变异的17.80%,其次在20,1,4,17号染色体上。Haplotype-phenotype的关联分析中,最强关联在17号染色体物理位置5575883/5647814/5648648/5734897处(P值为1.038E-6),可解释表型变异的17.56%。200 kb范围内,3号染色体上的候选基因有Glma.03g129100、Glma.03g129200、Glma.03g129300、Glma.03g129500、Glma.03g129800、Glma.03g129900。17号染色体上为Glma.17g071300、Glma.17g072200、Glma.17g073300。     

测土配方施肥技术应用推广研究巴里坤县花园乡农牧业发展服务中心 新疆

科学的施肥不仅能有效提升农业经济收益,还有利于保护生态环境。根据《测土配方施肥技术规范》要求,新疆巴里坤县花园乡积极推广测土配方施肥技术,加速测土配方施肥技术全覆盖,实现了增产和节本,同时为科学利用和管理耕地提供了参考。     

机采棉提质增效关键栽培技术

本文在生产实践基础上,提出机采棉生产过程中影响机采棉品质和效益的关键问题,总结了与机采棉提质增效相配套的关键栽培管理技术措施,为进一步提升机采棉品质和效益提供技术指导.