日粮硫酸铜水平对蛋鸡生产水平、壳蛋质量及淋巴组织的影响

选择体重及产蛋率相近的海兰褐23周龄蛋鸡216只，随机分成6个处理组，每组4个重复，每个重复9只，以玉米－杂粕型日粮为基础日粮，硫酸铜（以铜计）添加水平分别为0、6、15、30、60、125mg/kg。试验结果表明：所有硫酸铜添加组的产蛋率及料蛋比均高于对照组，添加6、15、60mg/kg硫酸铜各组产蛋率与对照组差异显著（P＜0．05）；添加60mg/kg铜组料蛋比最佳；30mg/kg铜处理组的蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度最佳，盲肠淋巴小结平均直径以15mg/kg铜处理组最大，60mg/kg铜处理组最小，且各处理组差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

One dimensional continuity equation and consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils with high degree of saturation

It is complicated to found continuity equation for unsaturated soil because of the uncertain volume of air phase. In order to solve this difficulty and to derive the consolidation equation for unsaturated soils with high degree of saturation, one-dimensional continuity equation of three-phase soil was created compactly in the principle of mass balance. Supposing Terzaghis principle of effective stress was still applicable to this type of soils, one-dimensional consolidation equation was derived. On basis of Terzaghis hypotheses and supposing that the degree of saturation was constant during consolidation, the analytical solution was presented. Then the consolidation characteristic of soils was analyzed. And It is shown: 1) the form of consolidation equation of soils with high degree of saturation is the same to Terzaghis one-dimensional equation, but the coefficient of consolidation is different. 2) Because of the instantaneous deformation, the degree of consolidation in early stage is much bigger than that of saturated soils, and subsequently the gap is reducing; when the time factor is 1.0, the degree of consolidation is almost equal to each other. 3) The time needed for soils with high degree of saturation to complete consolidation is extended comparing to the corresponding saturated soils; the smaller the degree of saturation is, or the more compressible the soils are, the bigger the ratio of time for completing consolidation is.     

A Study on the Activity of Carboxylesterase and the Differential Expression of Its Gene in the Midguts of Bombyx mori Resistant to BmDNV-Z

This study was to discuss the relationship among the change in the activity of Bombyx mori carboxylesterase （BmCarE） in the midguts, the differential expression of BmCarE gene （bmcare） in the midguts, and the ability of Bombyx mori resistant to densonucleosis virus （BmDNV）, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of resistance to BmDNV-Z. With two silkworm strains, HUABA, which is susceptible to BmDNV-Z, and BC8 （a near isogenic line of HUABA）, which is completely resistant to the same virus, as materials, the activity of BmCarE in the midgut was determined by Bio-Tek Synergy, and the differential expression of bmcare between the two strains was investigated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, both at 12, 36, and 72 h post oral inoculation of the two strains with virus （hereafter referred as inoculation）. While the activity of BmCarE in the midguts of BC8 inoculation group at 12 h post inoculation was higher than that in the BC8 control group, the HUABA inoculated group, and the HUABA control group by 3.28, 2.26, and 3.02 times, respectively, with the difference being highly significant （P 〈 0.01）, there was no statistical difference among the other groups. The relative expression level of bmcare in the midguts of BC8 inoculation group at 12 h post inoculation was higher than that in the BC8 control group, the HUABA inoculation group, and the HUABA control group by 17.714, 21.76, and 15.09 times, respectively, with the difference being highly significant （P 〈 0.01）, and there was no statistical difference among other groups. The elevation of BmCarE activity and expression level of bmcare in the resistant strain at 12 h post inoculation may relate to the resistant gene （nsd/nsd） and the stimulation of BmDNV-Z. The molecular basis for the elevation of BmCarE activity in the resistant strain BC8 may be the change in the expression level of bmcare.     

Beyond Biochar-Soil,Plant and Environment: Research Progress and Future Prospects

Since industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has kept a continuous increase by more than 2.2 ppm yr^-1, and approaches to almost 400 ppm at present （Jouzel 2012）. China has become the largest country of greenhouse gas emission （GHG）, and confronts with great challenge to mitigate GHG.     

辽宁省新城疫病毒F基因和HN基因的分子特征与致病性

采用RT-PCR对新城疫病毒辽宁分离株的F基因和HN基因进行扩增并测序,初步研究其分子特性分析和致病性。结果表明,分离株CY1株、DD2株、YK1株和TL4株的致死鸡胚平均时间(MDT)分别为50.6 h、76.3 h、62.9 h和81.3 h,CY1株具有强毒特征。F基因分型显示,CY1株属于Ⅶ型,其F蛋白多肽裂解位点的序列为112RRQKRF117,符合NDV强毒氨基酸基序特征,与流行株js02株的亲缘关系非常近,与疫苗株LaSota、Queensland V4亲缘关系均较远。DD2株、YK1株和TL4株均属于基因Ⅱ型,其F蛋白多肽裂解位点的序列为112GRQGRL117,符合NDV非强毒氨基酸基序特征,与LaSota株亲缘关系最近。本研究将为本省新城疫防制对策的制定提供参考。     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Multi-tiller and Dwarf Mutant d63 in Rice

A spontaneous mutation,tentatively named d63,was derived from the twin-seedling progenies of rice crossed by diploid SARIII and Minghui 63.Compared with wild-type plants,the d63 mutant showed multiple abnormal phenotypes,such as dwarfism,more tillers,smaller flag leaf and reduced seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.In this study,two F 2 populations were developed by crossing between d63 and Nipponbare,d63 and 93-11.Genetic analysis indicated that d63 was controlled by a single recessive gene,which was located on the short arm of chromosome 8,within the genetic distance of 0.40 cM from RM22195.Hence,D63 might be a new gene as there are no dwarf genes reported on the short arm of chromosome 8.     

Minimum variance beamforming combined with MV-Based coherence factor applied to medical ultrasound imaging

In medical ultrasonic imaging, minimum variance beamforming (MV)can effectively improve imaging resolution, but the contrast is not improved. By considering the low contrast of minimum variance beamforming, a medical imaging method combined minimum variance beamforming and MV-based coherence factor is presented. First, the coherent sum in coherence factor is replaced by the output of MV to obtain weighting factor; and then the factor is used to weight the results of minimum variance beamforming. The simulated results indicate that the proposed method in the aspects of resolution and contrast is better than traditional delay and sum, minimum variance beamforming and medical imaging method combining minimum variance beamforming and coherence factor.     

Distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments from Chongqing section of the Yangtze River

The analysis of PAHs in sediments of 12 sampling sites from Chongqing section of the Yangtze River shows that total PAHs concentration ranges from 0.64~3.98 μg/g in dry season and 0.85~4.63 μg/g in wet season,with the maximum content of phenanthrene accounting for 11%~27% of total PAHs. The 3~5 rings PAHs are dominant in sediment samples,while the content of PAHs with 2 and 6 benzene rings is small. Moreover,the compositions of PAHs are significantly different as they are taken from different sampling periods,releasing more 6-ring PAHs in rainy season. The combustion of fossil fuels and oil spillages of ships may be dominant sources in the study area and the degree of sediment contamination by PAHs is moderate in comparison with other internal and external sediments. However,fluorene and phenanthrene exceed the probable effect level (PEL),which might certain potential damage to the ecosystem in the studied area.     

Energy-saving potential research of precise control on BOF-CC section

To evaluate the energy-saving potential under different control precisions of molten steel temperature and operation time in BOF-CC section, a precise control model based on production practices is established. And a calculation method of planning extra temperature loss and production process temperature loss of the precise control model is proposed. Taking a steel plant production data of SPHC-W as an example, the energy-saving potential under existing control of molten steel temperature and operation time is calculated. The planning extra potential temperature loss is 7.25 ℃ and the production process potential temperature loss eigenvalue is 10.10 ℃. For further analysis under existing control the level, when the control accuracy of molten steel temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the production process potential temperature loss eigenvalue can be reduced by 0.33 ℃. When the control accuracy of operation time is increased by 1 min, the planning extra potential temperature loss can be reduced by 1.76 ℃ and the production process potential temperature loss eigenvalue can be reduced by 1.62 ℃.     

硫酸铜对产蛋鸡抗氧化能力的影响

选择 2 3周龄海兰褐蛋鸡 2 16只 ,随机分为 6组 ,在基础日粮中分别添加 0、6、15、30、6 0、12 5mg kgCuSO4 ·5H2 O。 8周后 ,测定其血清中总抗氧化能力、铜兰蛋白 (CP)、丙二醛含量 (MDA) ,铜锌超氧化物歧化酶 (CuZn -SOD)、单胺氧化酶 (MAO)、谷胱甘肽 S转移酶 (GST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力和红细胞渗透脆性。结果表明 ,在日粮中添加 30mg kg硫酸铜 ,可使产蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽 S转移酶、铜兰蛋白、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、单胺氧化酶的活力明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清中丙二醛含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性和红细胞渗透脆性显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。此结果显示 ,30 0mg kg硫酸铜为适宜添加水平 ,它使产蛋鸡体内抗氧化能力最强。