锡林郭勒草原植被覆盖度时空动态与影响因素分析

以MODIS地表辐射率数据对内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒草地进行研究,分析了2001—2013年生长季(4—10月份)草甸草原、典型草原、沙地草原和荒漠草原4种草地类型植被覆盖度(fv)的时空变化特征,用变异系数(C_v)衡量各类草原f_v的变化程度,并结合气象和放牧数据分析气候变化和人类活动(放牧)对草地f_v的影响。结果表明,在不同年份各类型草原f_v均表现为由东向西递减的规律,同类型草原年际间fv呈不显著波动变化。研究区多年f_v的Cv结果表明有78.66%地区属脆弱和很脆弱水平,其中典型草原和沙地草原属脆弱级别,而荒漠草原属很脆弱级别,只有草甸草原属稳定级别。降水量对f_v的影响较大,呈显著正相关关系;而温度对fv的影响较小,呈不显著负相关关系;牲畜养殖数量对f_v影响较大,锡林郭勒盟草原的适宜综合牲畜养殖数量为39只/km~2(以标准羊计)。     

堆肥提取液中腐殖酸类物质能够显著促进黄瓜生长

The effects of direct extracts of compost (DEC), aerated fermentation extracts of compost (AFEC) and non-aerated fermentation extracts of compost (NAFEC) on cucumber growth and the action mechanisms were evaluated based on the structure and activity analysis of humic-like substances. AFEC increased cucumber growth most significantly, followed by DEC and NAFEC, which was insignificant compared to the control treatment. Humic-like substances from compost extracts played an important role in promoting cucumber growth. Application of humic-like substances stimulated auxin-like activity and increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen accumulation in plants. The positive auxin-like activity of humic-like substances could be attributed to the relative distribution of special carbon groups, such as those with a large amount of peptidic and carbohydratic groups or with a low content of phenolic groups. In conclusion, the best growth promotion by application of AFEC was mainly attributed to the humic-like substances in the AFEC.     

温室作业机具室内定位方法研究

针对农机具在温室大棚内的定位、作业轨迹跟踪及作业面积核算需求,提出一种基于多源数据融合理论的温室机具室内定位优化算法。首先根据惯性导航测量技术预估被测目标定位初值,再利用无线RSSI测距技术使用加权质心算法获得定位测量结果,利用卡尔曼滤波算法进行定位信息最优化计算,以消除基于单一测量技术存在数据漂移、测试信号受遮挡、电磁干扰造成的误差,获得准确的定位信息,进而实现作业轨迹的实时跟踪以及作业面积的有效核算。在Matlab仿真分析中,首先建立定位算法评价指标以便于定位效果评估,通过仿真计算得出:基于多源数据融合的优化定位算法的定位精度及稳定性均优于单一无线RSSI室内定位算法。温室大棚田间试验的实际测试结果表明,室内定位精度不大于0.125 m,定位误差小于0.4%,能够较好地满足温室内作业机具的定位及作业轨迹实时获取与监测的需求。     

Analysis on Chemical Composition of Guadua amplexifolia Planted in China

The objective of this study is to determine the properties of G. amplexifolia. In this paper; the chemical composition, including holocellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, benzene-ethanol extractives and ash content, was considered for the variability with respect to positions along bamboo culm height （bottom, middle and top）, parts along radial direction （inner part and outer part）and ages （1-year and 2- year）. The test results were also compared to those of moso that is commonly planted and used in China. This study indicated that both the holocellulosecontent and the lignin content in inner part were lower than ; in outer part, but for extractives and ash content, the reverse was true. Bamboo age also had effect on chemical composition; both the holocellulose content and the ash content in the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year; while the lignin content and the extractive content m the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year. High holocellulose content, low lignin contentand extractive content were advantages of G. amplexifolia.     

金霉素对产蛋鸡夏季生产性能及肠道组织形态的影响

将 33周龄海兰褐蛋鸡 80只随机分成两个处理组 ,每个处理组 4个重复 ,每个重复 10只蛋鸡。以基础日粮作为对照组 ,在基础日粮中添加金霉素 5 0 g/10 0 0kg作为试验组 ,试验期 4周。试验结果表明 ,金霉素在热应激条件下 ,可提高产蛋率 ,并降低破软蛋率和料蛋比。但对蛋壳质量及小肠组织形态没有影响     

地美硝唑-2,3-二羟基苯甲酸盐的制备及表征

为改善地美硝唑(DMZ)的理化性质,丰富DMZ的晶体形式,试验采用混悬法制备了地美硝唑-2,3-二羟基苯甲酸盐(DMZ-2,3-DHBA),采用冷却结晶-缓慢挥发法制备了其单晶,并通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、单晶X射线衍射(SCXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)对DMZ-2,3-DHBA进行表征分析。结果表明：DMZ-2,3-DHBA为淡黄色粉末,单晶为规则的棱状结晶,该盐属于正交晶系Pbca空间群,晶胞参数为a=14.385 8(19)?,b=13.583 7(19)?,c=26.325 0(5)?,α=β=γ=90°,DMZ-2,3-DHBA的不对称单元中包含2个DMZ分子和2个2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-DHBA)分子。用扫描电子显微镜下观察DMZ-2,3-DHBA呈表面粗糙的棱柱状,其熔点为146℃。说明试验成功制备了DMZ-2,3-DHBA,可用于后续地美硝唑新盐的稳定性及其他兽用抗菌药物的新晶型研究。     

Community Forestry and Sustainable Development in Rural Area

After analysis on the current situation of international forestry, this paper proposes that integration, coordination and sustainable development will be the general developing trend of forest in China, and commercial forest, ecological forest and community forest should be organically combined with integrative development and sustainable development in rural areas. This paper focuses especially on clarifying the importance of community forest to the social development or rural areas, and emphasizes that the key point of forestry should be turned from biological and technical aspects to humane and social aspects.     

城市地铁、轻轨与城市汽车关系的实证研究--以中国直辖市和省会城市为例

随着经济的快速发展,中国汽车拥有量的不断增加,伴随而来的城市环境和交通问题也日益突出。城市轨道交通凭借其技术上的特点为缓解上述问题提供了一种可能。为了了解这一可能在现实中是否存在,本文对城市轨道交通和汽车的关系进行了分析。     

室内模拟实验研究中国北方不同管理方式对土壤固碳潜力的影响

Soil has been identified as a possible carbon(C) sink for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2).However,soil organic carbon(SOC) dynamics in agro-ecosystems is affected by complex interactions of various factors including climate,soil and agricultural management practices,which hinders our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.The objectives of this study were to use the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator(APSIM) model to simulate the long-term SOC dynamics under different management practices at four long-term experimental sites,Zhengzhou and Xuzhou with double cropping systems and Gongzhuling and Uriimqi with single cropping systems,located in northern China.Firstly,the model was calibrated using information from the sites and literature,and its performance to predict crop growth and SOC dynamics was examined.The calibrated model was then used to assess the impacts of different management practices,including fertilizer application,irrigation,and residue retention,on C dynamics in the top 30 cm of the soil by scenario modelling.Results indicate a significant SOC sequestration potential through improved management practices of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application,stubble retention,and irrigation.Optimal N fertilization(N_(opt)) and 100%stubble retention(R100) increased SOC by about 11.2%,208.29%,and 283.67%under irrigation at Gongzhuling,Zhengzhou,and Xuzhou,respectively.Soil organic carbon decreased rapidly at(U|¨)rumqi under irrigation,which was due to the enhanced decomposition by increased soil moisture.Under rainfed condition,SOC remained at a higher level.The combination of N_(opt) and R100 increased SOC by about 0.46%under rainfed condition at Uriimqi.Generally,agricultural soils with double cropping systems(Zhengzhou and Xuzhou) showed a greater potential to sequester C than those with single cropping systems(Gongzhuling and(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi).