Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.     

麻类纤维在非织造领域的应用

本文阐述了麻类纤维在我国非织造行业新用途的开发和拓展，对麻类纤维在非织造领域的利用符合国家农业可持续性发展的方向。     

熊蜂为温室茄子授粉试验

通过对温室茄子应用熊蜂授粉、人工蘸花授粉和空白对照的比较研究,结果表明熊蜂组的座果数比人工组和对照组分别增加了17.84%和33.32%,产量比人工组和对照组分别提高了27.93%和41.98%,果实含糖量比人工组和对照组分别增加了18.33%和21.16%,而且,熊蜂组的果实大而充实,商品性较好.说明利用熊蜂为温室茄子授粉,不仅能够促进座果,提高产量,而且可以改善果实品质,提升产品的附加值.     

Relation between TNF-α,TNFR I expression and apoptosis in oral lichen planus

AIM: To examine the expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR I) and apoptosis in oral lichen planus, and evaluate their roles and relation in the oral lichen. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL were employed to study the expression of TNF-α, TNFR I and apoptosis in 50 cases of oral lichen planus and 10 normal oral mucosa specimens. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, TNF-α expression was upregulated in mononuclear cells in lamina propria and decreased in keratinocytes in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). On the contrary, TNFR I expression was increased in keratinocytes and decreased in lamina propria in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). The increased apoptosis index in keratinocytes and the decreased apoptosis index in lamina propria were found in oral lichen planus (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The accelerated apoptosis of keratinocytes and the inhibition of lymphocytes apoptosis may contribute to the formation and progression of oral lichen planus.     

垄作模式下甜高粱对农田渍害胁迫的响应

我国长江中下游地区常年降水较多,易形成农田渍害。为探究渍害胁迫对甜高粱(Sorghum dochna)产量性状和抗氧化酶系统的影响,设计了平作和垄作两个处理,在甜高粱三叶期对其进行渍水处理,测定并比较各处理的抗氧化酶系统活性和产量性状。结果表明,苗期遭受渍害胁迫,垄作处理下甜高粱的茎粗、单株干重、叶数、叶面积指数均显著高于平作(P0.05)。株高和茎叶比在两个处理间无显著差异(P0.05);与平作处理相比,渍害胁迫下甜高粱叶片的抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性更强。研究表明,垄作耕作方式能够提高甜高粱耐受渍害胁迫的能力,获得更高的产量。     

水稻品种宁317对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性特征及其遗传

为了明确水稻品种宁317对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性特征及其抗性遗传模式,并寻找与抗条纹叶枯病基因连锁的分子标记。利用单分蘖鉴定、苗期接种鉴定、非嗜性测验和抗生性测验分析宁317对水稻条纹叶枯病和介体灰飞虱的抗性;并分别采用单分蘖鉴定和苗期接种鉴定方法对武育粳3号与宁317构建的F2群体、F2：3家系进行水稻条纹叶枯病抗性遗传分析;同时以SSR标记连锁分析方法对抗病基因进行定位。结果表明：宁317表现出较强的病毒抗性和较弱的抗虫性;其对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性表现为显性单基因的遗传模式;SSR标记分析结果显示该抗病基因位于水稻第11染色体上,与标记RM287间的遗传距离为21．7cM。这表明宁317对水稻条纹叶枯病的抗性主要来自于对病毒的抗性,由1对主效核基因控制,以宁317为抗病亲本结合本研究结果,可望加快水稻条纹叶枯病抗性品种选育的速度。     

不同程度镉污染对棉花生长和镉富集特征的影响

[目的]研究不同程度镉污染土壤下棉花生长和镉富集的特征.[方法]采用盆栽模拟方法,添加外源镉,分析棉花种植后土壤pH和镉含量的变化,以及镉胁迫对棉花生长和镉积累量的影响.[结果]棉花根系具有酸化作用,使其根际土壤pH下降,随镉胁迫浓度的增加,酸化受到抑制,土壤有效态镉含量随之显著降低.棉花株高和地上部生物量随镉浓度增加...     

11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。     

PEG介导的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌遗传转化

为了探索不同酶系组成对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的影响,建立该病菌原生质体遗传转化系统,采用酶系混合物裂解菌丝体制备原生质体,采用PEG介导方法进行原生质遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern blotting技术对转化子进行验证。结果表明:1%溶壁酶+1%蜗牛酶+1%纤维素酶混合酶系为玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的最佳酶系,可以产生原生质体6.78×106 cfu/mL。用PEG介导方法转化共获得16个稳定的转化子,从中随机挑取5个转化子发现质粒pV2已被成功整合到基因组中。本研究获得了制备玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体的最佳酶系,建立了PEG介导的原生质体遗传转化体系,为开展该菌致病相关基因克隆和基因功能研究提供了一种手段。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南部梭梭鼠害特征及防治生态阈值研究

鼠类的"有害"或"无害"与其生境密切相关,文中以位于古尔班通古特沙漠南部的梭梭鼠害防治示范区和非示范区为调查样地,对比分析了两种生境中梭梭林的鼠害特征,进而探讨了沙漠区梭梭鼠害防治的生态阈值。研究发现:(1)古尔班通古特沙漠南部梭梭鼠害整体较轻。由鼠类引起的梭梭死亡率,非示范区平均为4.29%,示范区平均为2.12%。(2)梭梭的生长状况是吸引鼠类前来取食的因素。梭梭的基径、高度、冠幅与其冠下有效鼠洞数和鼠洞总数都成极显著的线性正相关关系,其生长状况的差异性决定了鼠类危害的程度。(3)鼠类对梭梭基部的取食较轻,而对梭梭各级侧枝的取食不仅具有选择性,还受生境和自身种群数量的影响。梭梭基部的轻度危害比率大于中度危害和重度危害比率,而梭梭侧枝、一级侧枝、二级侧枝的危害程度与鼠洞总数呈显著相关关系,有效鼠洞数只与梭梭二级侧枝的危害程度呈显著相关关系。(4)单株梭梭整株危害程度与其冠下鼠洞总数呈指数函数关系,当鼠洞总数>5个/株时,梭梭整株危害程度开始加剧,故该研究认为梭梭鼠害防治的生态阈值为鼠洞总数为5个/株。