新疆类茴香植物的鉴别与利用

新疆类似茴香的植物现有4种。由于它们的植物形态和用途确实有相似之处,而又带有“茴香”之名,因此在实际应用中混淆情况时有发生。目前除1种在我区也有野生外,其它种类在我区也多少都有栽培和种植。随着市场需求,选择种植,需要正确的鉴别,避免造成损失,同时不同种类本身也具有不同的利用价值。为了广泛应用,不因顾此失彼而埋没某种资源,本文就茴香及其类似植物进行了比较和讨论,以期达到充分利用我区这类植物的目的。     

快速检测大豆疫霉菌的酶联免疫技术研究

 大豆疫霉菌是我国的一类检疫性病菌,由于常规的检测方法速度慢,效率低,所以选择酶联免疫技术进行快速检测非常重要。     

进口盆景截获克鲁克剑线虫

对进口香港盆景检疫中发现的剑线虫进行的研究,记述了我国线虫新记录种克鲁克剑线虫Ｘｉｐｈｉｎｅｍａｋｒｕｇｉ,对剑属线虫的检疫及鉴定方法进行了总结和研讨。     

小型西瓜新品种黑妃子的选育

黑妃子是以F9606为母本,W2005为父本配制而成的早熟、抗病、黑皮小型西瓜新品种,全生育期80~85d(天),果实发育期28~30d(天);果实长椭圆形,果面光滑,外形圆整,果形指数1.7,平均单果质量3.7kg;果皮墨绿色覆不明显深墨绿锯齿状条带,皮厚0.7cm,坚韧;瓜瓤深红色,瓤质细脆,中心可溶性固形物含量13%,中边梯度小,每667m2产量3000kg左右,适宜海南、广东、广西、福建、江西、安徽、山东等地种植。     

不同稻作方式的杂草发生规律及化除技术

稻田草害是影响水稻高产稳产优质的重要因素。化学除草具有快速、高效、省力的优点，是当前控制农田杂草的关键措施。稻田化学除草应以预防为主，即防除杂草于萌芽期和幼小阶段，把大量杂草消灭在耗费地力与影响水稻生长之前。近年来，江苏省水稻栽培方式也呈现多样化，水稻田杂草的发生情况更加复杂。为此，我们就当前稻田杂草发生规律及防除技术进行了探讨。     

海州香薷根系对铜胁迫的抗氧化响应

为了阐明铜胁迫下植物抗氧化的时间效应,以耐铜植物海州香薷(Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun)为材料,研究水培条件下100 μmol/L CuSO4处理0、2、4、6、8天后海州香薷根系在抗氧化方面的响应特征。结果表明：随着铜处理时间的延长,海州香薷根系膜质过氧化产物TBARS和H2O2含量显著增加,抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性也依次升高。因此,推测在铜胁迫条件下,海州香薷根系可能通过是膜质过氧化、H2O2产生以及抗氧化酶（尤其是CuZn-SOD和POD）活性升高等来增强自身的抗性防护系统。     

Differential inhibition of human platelet aggregation by selected Allium thiosulfinates

Thiosulfinates (TSs) have been implicated as a principle source of the antiplatelet property of raw onion and garlic juice. The in vitro responses of human platelets to dosages of four TSs were measured using whole blood aggregometry and compared by regression analysis. Of the compounds evaluated, methyl methane-TS (MMTS), propyl propane-TS (PPTS), and 2-propenyl 2-propene-TS (allicin) are present in freshly cut Allium vegetables, whereas ethyl ethane-TS (EETS) has not been detected. All TSs were synthesized using a model reaction system. PPTS and allicin had the strongest antiplatelet activity at 0.4 mM, inhibiting aggregation by 90 and 89%, respectively. At the same concentration, EETS and MMTS were significantly weaker, inhibiting 74 and 26%, respectively. Combinations of TSs were not additive in their inhibition of aggregation, indicating that the antiplatelet potential of Allium extracts cannot be easily predicted by quantifying organosulfur components. EETS, PPTS, and allicin were significantly more potent platelet inhibitors than aspirin at nearly equivalent concentrations.     

基于近红外光谱的活体植物叶片水分检测仪器

在近红外光谱区,采用超低功耗单片机MSP430及新型的光频转换芯片TSL230,研制快速无损、可现场测定植物叶片水分含量的透射式检测仪器。仪器整体由信号采集系统、单片机系统及相应的软件支撑、校正模型组成。其信号采集系统采用近红外LED光源,890 nm和980 nm的窄带干涉滤光片和光频转换芯片。光频转换芯片的使用简化了信号采集电路,减少了噪声的引入。该文介绍了该仪器的硬件设计、软件设计,对紫荆叶片水分含量的建模及预测。预测结果与水分真实值基本一致,二者相关系数为0.900。仪器具有较高的重复性、稳定性和可靠性,与其他水分测量仪相比,该仪器具有体积小、结构简单、重量轻、超低功耗、抗干扰等特点。试验结果表明本仪器可在田间现场对植物叶片水分含量进行快速无损检测。     

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

Soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are two important factors influencing N₂O emissions and the growth of microorganisms. Here, we carried out a microcosm experiment to evaluate effects of soil moisture level and N fertilizer type on N₂O emissions and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities in the two typical arable soils. The abundances and community composition of functional microbes involved in nitrification and denitrification were determined via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction length fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP), respectively. Results showed that N₂O production was higher at 90% water-filled pore (WFPS) than at 50% WFPS. The N₂O emissions in the two soils amended with ammonium were higher than those amended with nitrate, especially at relatively high moisture level. In both soils, increased soil moisture stimulated the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite reducer (nirK). Ammonium fertilizer treatment increased the population size of AOB and nirK genes in the alluvial soil, while reduced the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and denitrifiers (nirK and nosZ) in the red soil. Nitrate addition had a negative effect on AOA abundance in the red soil. Total N₂O emissions were positively correlated to AOB abundance, but not to other functional genes in the two soils. Changed soil moisture significantly affected AOA rather than AOB community composition in both soils. The way and extent of N fertilizers impacted on nitrifier and denitrifier community composition varied with N form and soil type. These results indicate that N₂O emissions and the succession of nitrifying and denitrifying communities are selectively affected by soil moisture and N fertilizer form in the two contrasting types of soil.     

Interaction mechanism and kinetics of ferrous sulfide and manganese oxides in aqueous system

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The oxidation of ferrous sulfide (FeS) causes soil acidification and the release of toxic heavy metal ions. Manganese oxides usually participate in the oxidation of...