A Tremor Syndrome With a Central Axonopathy in Scottish Terriers

A central axonopathy in 2 male and 1 female Scottish Terrier puppies from 3 different but related litters is reported. Clinical signs consisting of severe whole-body tremors and ataxia were first detected at the age of 10 to 12 weeks. They worsened with activity and excitement and diminished during rest or sleep. Two dogs also had paraparesis. In 1 dog the neurological deficits progressed over several months. Neuropathological examination revealed widespread axonal changes, vacuolation, and gliosis in the white matter of the central nervous system.     

Major mechanisms in formation of spodic horizons

Current explanations of the formation of spodic horizons do not accomodate all features of the horizons in their natural state. In this paper, a more complete explanation of major mechanisms is proposed, using two principles of colloid chemistry: (1) organic substances may form hydrophylic colloids with surface charges, and (2) the hydrophylic character and negative surface charges determine the dispersibility of the colloids. The hydrophylic character is due to the presence of hydrophylic radicals as parts of the organic compounds in soils. The surface charges are the result of dissociation of -COOH and possibly phenol-OH radicals.The neutralization of the surface charge can in principle occur: (1) through electrostatic or physical adsorption and (2) through chemisorption. The first case is typical for monovalent alkali cations. The adsorbed cations are distributed in a double layer, which favours dispersion. Chemisorption occurs mostly with polyvalent cations. This process corresponds in reality to the formation of organo-metallic compounds. It results in a relatively complete disappearance of the double layer and in the formation of large immobile “polymerized” organo-metallic compounds. Because these compounds contain much hydrophylic water, they form a gel. Transition into the solid state is accompanied by the loss of most of the hydration water. The dehydration may be induced by a decrease in thickness of the double layer. At a certain stage of the dehydration process, Van der Waals bonds and protonic bridges can form and bring about a certain degree of hydrophoby.In soils, mobile organic substances are formed during breakdown of plant remains. If at the top of the mineral soil enough polyvalent cations, especially Al and Fe, are available, the mobile organic substances formed are immobilized immediately and no migration occurs. In case insufficient amounts of Al and/or Fe are available to completely immobilize the mobile compounds, these cations are complexed by the mobile compounds and transported downward. Immobilization may occur at some depth through supplementary fixation of cations, through dessication or on arrival at a level with different ionic concentration.In nature, spodic horizons range from loose, with many roots, to very cemented with few roots. These differences can be related to changes in microstructure. Loose spodic horizons have a predominance of polymorphic pellets and aggregates, whereas organans or monomorphic coatings prevail in cemented horizons. The former horizons have many features suggesting major biological influences during their formation, viz., high numbers of roots, thorough mixing of the organic units with clay and silt, the presence of pedotubules and relatively young mean residence times. The latter horizons have features consistent with organo-metallic compounds immobilized in a gel-state, viz., the coatings are strongly cracked, indicating the transition of a gel into a solid; they contain much Al or Al plus Fe but very little or no Si, and the mean residence time is considerably higher than in loose horizons.The two processes seem to operate simultaneously during the formation of spodic horizons and their relative intensities determine the composition of each spodic horizon at any moment in its evolution. As long as the biological activity predominates, the horizon remains loose; if the accumulation of mobile organo-metallic compounds starts to prevail, the horizon is gradually cemented and fossilized.     

内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状

利用CFD技术对内燃机燃烧过程进行数值模拟已成为内燃机研究的重要工具。选用恰当的燃烧模型对准确预测内燃机燃烧过程具有重要意义。内燃机CFD燃烧模型主要针对自燃、预混燃烧和非预混燃烧3种燃烧模式,其中有些模型可以同时模拟2种模式或3种模式。内燃机新的燃烧系统的不断出现促进了燃烧模型的发展。本文以STAR—CD和FIRE软件为出发点,介绍了内燃机燃烧模型的发展现状。     

聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液胶的改性

本文介绍了用该改性乳液胶合的贴面胶合板的性能改性聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚乳液胶粘剂的聚合工艺，经过改性的乳液胶具有良好的耐水性，达到并超过日本二类特种合板标准，且生产工艺简单，原料易得，成本与普通乙酸乙烯酯均聚液接近,具有较强的实用性。     

黄河流域传统果园发展现状及旅游发展潜力分析

全国重要农业文化遗产系统构成了令人叹为观止的优美人文景观,展现着传统农业生态多样性、生态系统适应性和珍贵的文化遗产。这些世代相传的农业系统构成了当代和未来农业创新和技术的基石。已公布的37个传统果园类全国重要农业文化遗产地,有14个沿黄河流域分布,是我国果业重要的发源地。拟以黄河流域的传统果园为研究对象,系统梳理其发展历史、现状及传统果园农耕系统,同时重点分析黄河流域主要果品的区位发展优劣势,最后结合传统果园的人文价值和区域经济发展因素等,综合探索传统果园的传承和利用途径,为我国果业发展提供传统农业系统和技术创新基础,也为传统果园的保护和传承发展以及农业管理部门挖掘和健全果园文化遗产保护机制提供参考。     

早园竹栽培丰产技术

早园竹栽培容易,管理简单,出笋早,营养价值高,是开发荒山荒滩和利用闲散土地的良好经济竹种.     

Effects of nitrogen and water stress on the rehydration,endogenous hormonal regulation and yield of maize

Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi-arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought-tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth-leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha⁻¹) and N3 (N300 kg N ha⁻¹) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi-arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100-grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.     

Environmentally benign alternatives: Plasma and enzymes to improve moisture management properties of knitted PET fabrics

Effects of enzymatic and atmospheric plasma treatments individually and their combinations on knitted PET fabrics were investigated in terms of hydrophilicity, surface modification and moisture management properties. Cutinase from Humicola Insolens, lipase from Candida SP and atmospheric plasma with air and argon gases were applied to PET fabrics. To evaluate results, moisture management tester (MMT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized. Wicking heights of samples were measured by wicking test method. Improved moisture management properties were observed with environmentally benign processes compared to the untreated ones. Especially combined treatments have given the same or slightly better results than those of conventional alkaline treatments. Fabrics treated with plasma and then followed by enzymatic incubations have significantly improved the wetting time, absorption rates and spreading speed results.