几种微量元素对动物生殖毒性的研究进展

随着微量元素饲料添加剂的广泛应用,其对动物的生殖毒性已经引起了人们的关注。文章就微量元素氟、砷?锰?镍、硒对动物生殖的毒性作用作了简要的综述。     

互插式连栋温室风压分布模拟分析

以CFD理论为基础,建立了互插式连栋温室周围空气绕流的数学模型,设定了流体的边界条件,运用Fluent软件对互插式连栋温室的风压分布进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明,风力对温室作用主要是向上的升力;风压系数沿温室跨度方向分布的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果基本吻合;上风向和下风向风压系数沿温室高度方向呈二次曲线分布,相关系数分别为0.975和0.990;最后将模拟得到的风压系数转换成相应的风载体型系数,为结构优化设计提供参考。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

一些拟青霉菌株对小菜蛾致病性的初步研究

研究了29株拟青霉和1株白僵菌对小菜蛾的致病性。结果表明不同菌株对小菜蛾的致病性有明显差异,其中玫烟色拟青霉,环链拟青霉和球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾感染致死效果最好。另外,分离自虫体的拟青霉菌株对小菜蛾具有较好的致病性,而来自土壤的菌株对小菜蛾无致病性或仅具微弱致病性。环链拟青霉对小菜蛾的致病性与产孢量存在一定的相关性,与地理来源无明显相关性。     

马铃薯Y病毒云南昭通烟草分离物的检测及年度间差异比较

利用DAS-ELISA检测试剂盒检测昭通烟草脉斑病样品,结果表明存在马铃薯Y病毒O株系和马铃薯Y病毒N株系两个不同株系病毒。利用Sprimer和M4引物扩增、克隆、测序,得到长度为1 771 bp目的片段,该片段包含病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列、3′ UTR序列以及部分Nib基因序列;序列分析表明与湖南HN 2分离物（GenBank No. GQ200836）和美国NE 11分离物（GenBank No. DQ157180）核苷酸序列相似性均为98%,系统进化分析表明其具有较近的亲缘关系。     

食物氮含量对意大利蝗生长发育和卵巢面积的影响

为合理预测意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的种群动态,分别用1%（对照）、4%和7%氮含量的食物饲喂意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻,测定不同氮含量食物处理后意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻的生长速率,羽化后7 d的体长、股节长、胫节长、翅长、翅宽、体重及羽化后1、7、13和19 d的卵巢面积。结果显示,4%氮含量食物处理试虫的生长速率最大,分别较1%和7%氮含量处理的增加了88.02%和109.33%;4%和7%氮含量食物处理后,意大利蝗成虫的后翅宽和体重均显著高于对照;羽化后7 d,不同氮含量食物处理的意大利蝗卵巢面积出现显著差异,羽化后19 d,4%氮含量食物处理的卵巢面积显著高于其他2个处理。表明中等氮含量（4%氮含量）适宜意大利蝗生长。     

盐城地区养猪生产中易发疾病的病因及防治措施

本文对盐城地区养猪生产中常发猪病猪链球菌病、附红细胞体病、弓形体病、高热病等四种疾病的分类、临床症状、病理变化以及防治措施进行了总结;同时结合当地猪病发病率高的情况,从养殖业生产的生物安全、疾病防疫、养殖观念以及动物保健等四个方面给予合理建议。     

哺乳与保育仔猪腹泻的综合防治

<正>我国仔猪腹泻现象十分普遍,导致饲料报酬较低、成活率下降、生长发育停滞。引起腹泻发生的病因往往是多因素相互作用,呈多重感染或交叉混合感染,临床诊断防治困难,严重威胁着养猪业的健康发展。     

多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和体外消化率的研究

本试验旨在研究多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿不同比例混合青贮对其发酵品质和体外消化率的影响,以期筛选出二者适宜的混合青贮比例。采用完全随机设计,试验分为4组,分别将多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿的混合比例设定为100∶0(对照组)、85∶15(A1组)、70∶30(A2组)、55∶45(A3组)(鲜重基础),每组5个重复。青贮发酵42 d后全部开封取样,测定其发酵品质和体外消化率。结果表明:1)随着紫花苜蓿比例升高,干物质回收率逐渐升高,A3组显著高于对照组、A1组(P<0.05); A2和A3组pH显著高于对照组和A1组(P <0. 05);随着紫花苜蓿比例的升高,乳酸含量逐渐降低,A3组显著低于对照组(P<0.05); A2和A3组氨态氮/总氮显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各组V-score评分较高(>90),具有优质的发酵品质。2) A1、A2和A3组粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05); A2和A3组粗灰分含量显著高于A1和对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,A3组粗蛋白质体外消化率、干物质体外消化率和中性洗涤纤维体外消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,提高多花黑麦草和紫花苜蓿混合青贮饲料中紫花苜蓿的比例不仅未影响发酵品质,而且还提高了青贮饲料的营养价值和体外消化率。从发酵品质和营养价值综合考虑,建议多花黑麦草和紫花苜蓿以55∶45比例混合青贮较为适宜。     

河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌分离鉴定和致病力分析

为探讨河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌的致病型群体变异,对该地区棉花上分离的8株单孢菌株的菌落形态、显微结构、致病力、ITS序列、系统进化及菌体蛋白等方面进行了研究。结果表明:这些菌株均属于棉花黄萎病菌Verticilliumdahliae;系统进化树显示8株菌株并没有聚在同一进化枝上;8株黄萎菌菌株存在致病力差异,SQ4菌株致病力最强,属于落叶型,而其它致病力较弱的7个菌株属于非落叶型;不同致病力的菌株间蛋白谱带存在差异。