有限型大豆株高和开花期之间的关系

在美国北部由于有限型大豆产量高,并且抗倒伏,人们很乐意种植这种类型的大豆。该类型株高大约为无限型品种株高的一半。此研究的目的是估计开花期和成熟期以及这两个时期株高的遗传力,并评价这些性状间的关系以估计选择早花、高的有限型植株的可能性。采用源自PI 407711B×PI 360835和PI 417398×PI 423882A两个杂交组合的有限型群体,1984年与1985年在伊利诺斯州厄巴纳的弗拉纳根肥沃粘土上分别研究了这两个群体的F_3和F_4代(各包括42和43个家系)。每年每一群体均采用两次重复的随机完全区组设计。利用亲子回归估计出开花期,成熟期以及在这两个时期株高的遗传力是高的(0.67—1.21),但群体1开花期的遗传力除外(0.49)。由开花期、成熟期与株高间基因型和表现型的正相关表明,根据早开花来获得高的有限型植株是困难的。开花后主茎生长持续一周或更长时间,开花期株高大约为最后株高的80％。这样,对有限型大豆在开花期对株高的选择可能是有效的。     

Rice sl-MH-1 mutant induces cell death and confers blast resistance via the synergistic roles of signaling systems

Serotonin is ubiquitous across all forms of life and functions in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In rice, the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin is catalyzed by Sekiguchi lesion(SL). Previous studies have identified an sl mutation(a null mutation of SL) in several rice varieties and confirmed its increase of resistance and cell death. However, a systematic understanding of the reprogrammed cellular processes causing cell death and resistance is lacking. We performed a multi-omics a...     

Surveillance of pine wilt disease by high resolution satelliteOA

Pine wilt disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has led to the death of a large number of pine trees in China. This destructive disease has the characteristics of bring wide-spread, fast onset, and long incubation time. Most importantly, in China, the fatality rate in pines is as high as 100%. The key to reducing this mortality is how to quickly find the infected trees. We proposed a method of automatically identifying infected trees by a convolution neural network a...     

Adaptation of pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,early in its interaction with two Pinus species that differ in resistanceOA

Pine wilt disease(PWD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Pinu s spp. and is caused by the pine wood nematode(PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. To study adaptation of PWN to survive in hosts that differ in resistance, we examined the self-regulatory characteristics of PWN at the biological and molecular levels early in the interaction. Two-year-old susceptible Pinus thunbergii and resistant Pinus taeda were selected for this experiment, and changes in PWNs af...     

Spatial pattern analysis of forest trees based on the vectorial markOA

Analysis of spatial patterns to describe the spatial correlation between a tree location and marks(i.e., structural variables), can reveal stand history, population dynamics, competition and symbiosis. However, most studies of spatial patterns have concentrated on tree location and tree sizes rather than on crown asymmetry especially with direct analysis among marks characterizing facilitation and competition among of trees, and thus cannot reveal the cause of the distributions of tree locations...     

Mapping short tandem repeats for liver gene expression traits helps prioritize potential causal variants for complex traits in pigsOA

Background: Short tandem repeats(STRs) were recently found to have significant impacts on gene expression and diseases in humans, but their roles on gene expression and complex traits in pigs remain unexplored. This study investigates the effects of STRs on gene expression in liver tissues based on the whole-genome sequences and RNA-Seq data of a discovery cohort of 260 F6 individuals and a validation population of 296 F7 individuals from a heterogeneous population generated from crosses among e...     

Midazolam Impairs Learning and Memory Ability Through ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Damage of Hippocampus in Rats

This study aimed to elucidate whether midazolam affected the learning and memory of rats through the extracellular signalregulated kinase(ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding(CREB) signaling pathway and hippocampal oxidative damage. Overall 120 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups, including one control and three midazolam-exposed groups(20, 60 and 150 mg · kg^-1). After an intraperitoneal injection of midazolam/physiological saline for both 1 h(n=1...     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

Operational Deflection Shape Analysis of Large Scale Electromechanical System

Operational Deflection Shapes of large scale electromechanical system can be ex-tracted directly from multipoints response of the operating system by using of the modal shape analy-sis method. Thev can be used for engineers evaluating the practical dynamic beavior of the largescale elecltromechanical system,checking the existence of local reso,iance of the Stibsystem. and in-dentifying the wcakened positions of the rigidity of structure, In this paper the method of measuringand extracting the operational deflection shal1e of the electromecha nical system is given and theavailability of operational deflection shape is proved by analyzing the actual vibration of a large ex-haust fan system as an example.