Homology modeling and screening of new 14α-demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides based on optimized expression of CYP51 from Ustilago maydis in Escherichia coli

Ustilago maydis infection is a serious disease affecting corn crops worldwide. Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the key enzymes of sterol biosynthesis and an effective target of antifungal drugs. To further study the interaction between CYP51 and drugs and exploit more specific 14α-demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides for U. maydis, in this study homology modeling of CYP51 from U. maydis (UmCYP51) templated as the eukaryotic orthologues (the human CYP51) and screening of new DMI fungicides based on optimized expression were carried out for the first time. In addition, XF-113 and ZST-4 were screened by analyzing the spectral characteristics between the purified UmCYP51-35 and fungicides. These results provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for efficient design and development of new antifungal drugs.     

不同宿主来源犬瘟热病毒的分离及致病相关基因序列分析

利用Vero-DST细胞从死亡犬、狐狸肺、脾内分离到4株犬瘟热病毒-CDV-TM-CC、CDV-Dog-SCh、CDV-Fox-SY、CDV-Fox-WF,在Vero-DST细胞上传5代没有细胞病变,5代细胞培养物经电镜、间接免疫荧光及PCR鉴定为阳性。与本实验室保存的CDV-Monkey-BJ进行基因测序,并对与致病相关的F蛋白、V蛋白进行分析,F蛋白分析5株毒具有6个潜在N-末端糖基化位点,与强毒株同源性在92%～99.7%,与疫苗株不高于93.3%,在F1亚基内有7个特有氨基酸位点,这可能与其对灵长类致病有关。V蛋白分析表明,其与强毒株同源性在94%～99.7%之间,而与疫苗株不高于93.3%,CDV-Monkey-BJ C272R突变使其Zn结合能力丧失。试验结果显示,所有分离株均为强毒株,不同宿主毒株序列存在差异,值得进一步研究。     

Effects of Dietary Ampitheoe sp. Powder on Growth and Lipid Contents of Litopenaeus vannamei北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Ampitheoe sp. powder on the growth and the contents of astaxanthin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of approximately 6 777 L. vannamei with an initial body weight of (1. 80 ± 0.72) g were randomly divided into 3 groups, and there were 3 replicates (753 shrimp per replicate) in each group. Those shrimp fed diets containing 0 (D0 group), 8. 25% (D8. 25 group) and 33% (D33. 00 group) Ampitheoe sp. powder, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, yield and survival rate in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . However, there was no significant difference between D33.00 group and the D8. 25 group in those indexes (P >0.05) . 2) The astaxanthin content in carapace, hepatopancreas and muscle of L. vannamei in D8.25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05); that in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D8. 25 group (P < 0. 05) . 3) TG content in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle in D8. 25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the TCHO content in hepatopancreas in D8. 25 group was significantly higher than that in D0 and D33.00 groups (P <0.05); TCHO content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . 4) The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in hepatopancreas in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05) . The EPA content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, adding Ampitheoe sp. powder into the diet can improve the growth performance, the contents of astaxanthin, EPA and AA in L. vannamei, and affect the accumulation of TG and TCHO, which can be used as a functional diet in aquaculture. Considering the cost, the supplementation level of 8. 25% Ampitheoe sp. powder is more appropriate. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

冬小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉合成动态及与其有关的酶活性的研究

鲁麦22和鲁麦14相比,旗叶的光合能力强,蔗糖含量高,催化蔗糖合成的磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性高;籽粒中蔗糖供应充足,降解蔗糖的蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性高;与淀粉合成有关的酶:腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPG-PPase)、游离态(或可溶性)淀粉合成酶(S-STS)和束缚态淀粉合成酶(B-STS)均有较高的活性,这是其粒重高的原因.通过对两个品     

涑水河流域地形因子对植被指数变化的影响

植被覆盖及其变化是区域生态环境变化的重要信息,地形因子作为自然环境的重要因素是流域植被覆盖的重要影响因子,因此揭示流域地形因子对植被指数变化的影响,可为流域环境治理、科学管理、保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。选取山西省涑水河流域为研究对象,基于TM遥感影像和ASTER GDEM数据,提取了研究区植被指数以及海拔、坡度、坡向信息,研究涑水河流域植被指数随高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子的变化情况。结果表明：（1）低山区与平原区、丘陵区以及中高山区相比植被指数较低,是从农业植被向自然植被的过渡地带,重点工作是加强水土保持;（2）坡度为5°~10°区域,植被指数最低,该区人类活动频繁,主要是农作区,但作物长势较差,应加强土地的综合整治;（3）坡向对植被指数影响较明显,南坡植被指数最低,其次为东南坡和西南坡,北坡、西北坡、东北坡植被指数相对较高,反映出坡向对研究区植被覆盖的影响程度。     

面包及蛋糕的质构与感官评价的相关性研究

为了系统的量化不同厂家生产的、不同添加物、不同产品类型的面包和蛋糕的感官品质,采用物性测试仪和感官评价法,研究面包和蛋糕的质构与感官品质的相关性。结果表明：硬度和弹性指标可系统的量化同一厂家生产的不同添加物的面包和不同厂家生产的全麦面包的感官品质;弹性可系统的量化不同厂家生产的白面包的感官品质;回复性可系统的量化不同产品类型的海绵蛋糕的感官品质;硬度、黏聚性、咀嚼性、回复性可系统的量化不同添加物的戚风蛋糕的感官品质;硬度、弹性、黏聚性可系统的量化不同种类的蛋糕的感官品质。     

河流重金属污染研究进展

为了掌握目前河流重金属污染分析研究的现状及存在问题,为今后更加深入地进行河流重金属污染的评价和治理研究做准备,对近20年来的河流重金属污染的主要研究方向和研究内容进行了细致地综述和分析。结论表明河流重金属污染研究空间范围广,测定方法较成熟,但是每种测定方法都有很多的局限性,并且对河流重金属的污染的治理还没有行之有效的成熟方法。最后,提出对已有的河流重金属污染应该加强研究,采用绿色、经济的生物修复技术来进行水环境的恢复。     

植物激素直接诱导非洲菊花蕾不定芽的研究

以非洲菊幼嫩花蕾为外植体,研究了细胞分裂素类和生长素类对直接诱导非洲菊不定芽的影响。结果表明,6-BA诱导不定芽的效果略优于KT,当6-BA与KT分别是5.0 mg/L 和6.0 mg/L 时,诱导的不定芽数和不定芽长度最大;NAA诱导不定芽的效果最好,IBA次之,2,4-D最差,NAA的最适浓度是0.2 mg/L,较高浓度的生长素类虽然不利于不定芽的分化,但是有利于芽的伸长生长。     

水杨酸诱导辣椒抗疫病生化机制的研究

对水杨酸（SA）处理及其挑战接种辣椒疫霉菌的4个抗性不同的辣椒品系体内木质素含量和多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性的测定结果表明：SA诱导的供试品系与未经诱导的相同品系相比,木质素含量增高,PPO、POD、PAL活性增强,其中木质素的含量与抗病性呈显著正相关;挑战接种后两者相比,SA处理的供试材料的木质素含量和PPO、POD、PAL活性的增强幅度更大,其中抗、耐病品系的增加早且增加幅度高于感病、高感品系。值得注意的是,经SA诱导的各供试品系接种后木质素含量与抗病性也呈显著相关。木质素含量与相关酶活性的上述变化趋势与SA对各品系的诱抗效果完全吻合。