泛酸对种母鸡繁殖性能的影响

选用２４００羽艾维菌父母代种母鸡分４组,饲喂不同水平的泛酸饲料,添加量分别为０,５０,１００,１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１日粮,在夏季进行为期６０ｄ的饲养试验,研究炎热季节泛酸对种母鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,高剂时泛酸提高种母鸡的产蛋量（Ｐ＜００１）、蛋重（Ｐ＜００５）和采食量（Ｐ＜００５）泛酸具有改进蛋品质的作用,提高浓蛋白高度、哈夫单位（Ｐ＜００１）,促进蛋黄的合成（Ｐ＜００５）,降低蛋黄中胆固醇含量（Ｐ＜００１）,增加蛋壳的厚度和强度（Ｐ＜００５）;泛酸提高种蛋的受精率和孵化率（Ｐ＜００５）,对降低胚胎后期死亡率有明显的作用。     

长期轮作施肥对土壤有机质及其组分的影响

研究了长期轮作施肥对土壤有机质及其组分的影响,结果表明：在不施肥耕种条件下,通过粮豆轮作,基本可以维持土壤有机质的平衡,但其活性有机质含量、腐殖酸总量及胡敏酸含量却在不断下降,单施化肥,开始时土壤有机质含量降低,以后随耕种年限的延长,基本可以维持在较低水平,活性有机质、腐殖酸总量、胡敏酸和胡敏素含量降低,富里酸含量提高;施用有机肥处理,特别是施用高量有机肥,有利于提高胡敏酸和胡敏素比例,而减少富里酸的生成,培肥作用较为明显。     

从进口草籽中截获绒毛草腥黑穗菌

本文介绍了小麦矮腥黑穗病菌（ＴＣＫ）的近似种－绒毛草腥黑穗菌（ＴＨＳ）的检验鉴定情况,并详细比较了两种黑粉菌,发现两种冬孢子萌发对温度条件要求不同。     

胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉对初生仔猪小肠生长发育的影响

为研究胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉是否促进初生仔猪小肠的组织生长和功能成熟,本试验比较了饲喂配方奶粉与饲喂配方奶粉补加胰素或酶解配方奶粉３ｄ后仔猪小肠的重量和长度,组织形态学结构,粘膜ＤＮＡ,ＲＮＡ和蛋白质含量,及小肠内容物中乳糖酶,麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。     

大豆连作微量元素营养研究Ⅲ.连作对锰营养的影响

本文通过田间与盆栽对比试验及室内分析相结合的方法,研究了大豆连作胁迫下锰营养的变化特征。结果表明,不同生育时期中各连作年限土壤有效锰含量总体高于正茬,但连作大豆植株吸收积累锰却低于正茬,这种差异在盛花、结荚、鼓粒期表现明显。不同生育时期连作大豆植株锰营养与氮、磷营养相关极显著,分枝期植株锰营养与多酚氧化酶活性相关显著,盛花期、结荚期植株锰营养与产量相关显著。此外,本文还探讨了连作大豆土壤有效锰变化的原因。本研究为合理进行连作大豆锰营养调控,减轻连作障碍提供了科学依据。     

儿菜生物学特性研究

本文在儿菜栽培及其生长发育与温度观测的基础上, 描述了儿菜的生物学特性, 提出了儿菜通过春化作用的条件,为儿菜的推广工作提供了科学的依据。     

Selection and genetic improvement of pollen fertility restorer lines with Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm in common wheat

The paper summarizes the selection and improvement of pollen fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male-sterile lines during the past 30 years at Jiangsu Province, China. A fertility restorer line (R16) with a good history of strong and stable restoring ability to different sterile lines was bred by accumulating fertility-restoring genes from derivatives of T797 and other restorer lines such as Primepi. A series of well-performing restorer lines with similar fertility-restoring ability has been bred by improving agronomic characters, disease-resistance and kernel size of R16. The restoring ability of these restorer lines using different male-sterile lines demonstrates that fertility restoration is no longer an obstacle for commercial utilization of hybrid wheat with the Triticum timopheeviii cytoplasmic male-sterile system. Line 2114 is a restorer with a single restoring gene transferred from Aegilops umbellulata. Its restoring ability, using both difficult and easily restored lines was 82% and 93.3% respectively. Maiyou No. 5, one hybrid variety, showed 13.2% yield advantage over the control variety in the Jiangsu Province registration test in 1997-1998 and was superior to nine other varieties adapted to the Jiangsu Province.     

大棚生菜平衡施肥研究 ——以北京松各庄为例

为了探索保护地土壤供肥特点和氮、磷、钾肥施用效应,以生菜为供试作物,在北京顺义杨镇松各庄布置了“3414”平衡施肥试验。结果表明,施氮210 kg•hm-2、磷（P2O5）90 kg•hm-2和钾（K2O）150 kg•hm-2时,生菜产量最高,达59967.0 kg•hm-2。施磷、钾肥对产量无显著影响,揭示大棚土壤并不缺磷钾。回归分析表明,氮164 kg•hm-2,为最佳经济施肥量,此时生菜产量为59115.8 kg•hm-2。该田块肥料利用率低,钾最高只有12.0%,氮肥最高利用率为5.9%,而磷肥最高也只有5.1%左右。在氮、磷、钾养分平衡指数中最高的钾只有1.73,最低的磷只有0.27。生产实践中应及时监测土壤养分状况,合理施肥,避免资源浪费。     

Effect of dietary iron (Fe) levels on growth performance,hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant responses in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary Fe levels on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant response for juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Yellow catfish were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing Fe levels of 16.20, 34.80, 54.50, 76.44, 100.42 and 118.25 mg/kg for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with dietary Fe levels from 16.20 to 54.50 mg/kg diet and then plateaued over the level. Feed conversion rate (FCR) was highest and protein efficiency rate (PER) was lowest for fish fed the lowest Fe levels of diet. Fe contents in whole body and liver increased with increasing dietary Fe levels. Hepatic lipid content was lowest, but mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT‐1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) were highest for fish fed 54.50 mg Fe/kg diet. Fish fed adequate dietary Fe levels reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and GS. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis of WG against dietary Fe levels, optimal dietary Fe requirement for yellow catfish was 55.73 mg Fe/kg diets. Fe‐induced changes in MDA levels and antioxidant enzymatic activities paralleled with the change in hepatic lipid content, suggesting the potential relationship between oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation in yellow catfish.     

大麻二酚对Cd和Cr胁迫下烟草生长的影响

为探讨大麻二酚(CBD)对重金属胁迫下烟草生长的影响,以烟草品种K326为材料,分别将浓度为0.0、1.0、5.0、25.0mg/L的CBD喷施于Cd和Cr胁迫烟株叶面,测定其叶片的抗氧化指标、生物量及Cd、Cr积累量。结果表明,Cd和Cr胁迫严重抑制烟株生长,显著提高烟叶活性氧和重金属含量。外源CBD对烟株生长存在低促高抑作用。当CBD浓度分别为1.0mg/L(Cd)和5.0mg/L(Cr)时效果最佳,显著降低了烟叶超氧阴离子(O₂^-·)产生速率,丙二醛、H₂O₂和烟株Cd、Cr含量;显著提高烟株干重、叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性,增加抗坏血酸(As A)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及As A/DHA(氧化型抗坏血酸)、GSH/GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)。综上,适量CBD能有效缓解Cd和Cr胁迫对烟叶的氧化损伤,抑制烟株内重金属的积累,促进植株生长。