Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

推进四川兴文县竹产业高质量发展加快乡村振兴进程的思考

竹产业是兼具生态和经济效益的产业，四川省兴文县把竹产业作为振兴乡村的支柱产业进行打造，在全县各乡镇大力发展，取得了一定成效。文章在总结兴文县竹产业发展取得成效的基础上，分析了竹产业中存在的问题，对进一步推进兴文县竹产业高质量发展、加快乡村振兴进程提出了建议。     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。     

青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】对青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因进行克隆及表达分析,为揭示其在青海湖裸鲤生长和生理过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR和RACE技术克隆青海湖裸鲤中TOB1和TOB2基因的cDNA全长序列,对其特性进行了生物信息学分析。以β-actin为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测TOB1和TOB2基因在3龄成鱼肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织及发育12,72,120,168,216 h胚胎中的表达水平。【结果】青海湖裸鲤TOB1 cDNA全长为1 734 bp,5′非编码区为466 bp,3′非编码区为296 bp,开放阅读框长972 bp,编码323个氨基酸。TOB2 cDNA全长为2 785 bp,5′非编码区为51 bp,3′非编码区为1 582 bp,开放阅读框为1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。TOB1和TOB2在N端均具有明显的BTG家族结构域,且系统进化分析显示2个TOB蛋白与鲤科鱼类同源性较高,亲缘较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TOB1和TOB2在3龄成鱼的肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织中均有表达;TOB1在3龄成鱼的心脏组织中表达量最高,其次为脑和肌肉组织,在鳃组织中的表达量最低;TOB2在3龄成鱼的脑组织中表达量最高,其次为肌肉。TOB1及TOB2在不同发育时期胚胎中均有表达,且都在12 h胚胎中表达量最高。【结论】TOB1及TOB2在3龄成鱼各个组织及胚胎中均有表达,但表达量有较大差异,表明2个基因均具有时空表达特异性。     

粮价“托底”有利水稻机械行情

疫情凶猛,经济遭殃,农业的基础地位进一步显现,而这自然牵涉到我们的农机产业。笔者注意到,最近国家和相关部门的有关政策,有利于让近年来处于连续下跌行情的水稻生产机械保持相对稳定。2月18日,国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议,部署不误农时切实抓好春季农业生产,着重强调“今年稻谷最低收购价保持稳定,视情可适当提高,鼓励有条件的地区恢复双季稻”。     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

加强农村生活垃圾收集处理 促进可持续发展

通过对该黑龙江省集贤县农村生活垃圾处理情况的调查,深切感到解决农村生活垃圾问题的重要性,对此提出了对策建议